-kózik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in 1519. The most likely explanation is that it is the lengthened variant of -kozik/-kezik/-közik.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-kózik
- (verb-forming suffix, rare) Added to a monosyllabic verb to form a reflexive verb.
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -kózik is added to back-vowel words
- -kőzik is added to front-vowel words
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of -kózik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kózom or -kózok |
-kózol | -kózik | -kózunk | -kóztok | -kóznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kóztam | -kóztál | -kózott | -kóztunk | -kóztatok | -kóztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -kózni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kózék | -kózál | -kóza | -kózánk | -kózátok | -kózának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -kózik vala, -kózott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kózandok | -kózandasz | -kózand | -kózandunk | -kózandotok | -kózandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kóznék | -kóznál | -kózna | -kóznánk | -kóznátok | -kóznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kózott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kózzak or -kózzam |
-kózz or -kózzál |
-kózzon | -kózzunk | -kózzatok | -kózzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kózott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -kózni | -kóznom | -kóznod | -kóznia | -kóznunk | -kóznotok | -kózniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -kózás | -kózó | -kózott | ― | -kózva (-kózván) | |||||
potential conjugation of -kózik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -kózhatok (or -kózhatom) |
-kózhatsz | -kózhat | -kózhatunk | -kózhattok | -kózhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -kózhattam | -kózhattál | -kózhatott | -kózhattunk | -kózhattatok | -kózhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -kózhaték | -kózhatál | -kózhata | -kózhatánk | -kózhatátok | -kózhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -kózhat vala, -kózhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -kózhatandok or -kózandhatok |
-kózhatandasz or -kózandhatsz |
-kózhatand or -kózandhat |
-kózhatandunk or -kózandhatunk |
-kózhatandotok or -kózandhattok |
-kózhatandanak or -kózandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -kózhatnék | -kózhatnál | -kózhatna | -kózhatnánk | -kózhatnátok | -kózhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -kózhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -kózhassak | -kózhass or -kózhassál |
-kózhasson | -kózhassunk | -kózhassatok | -kózhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -kózhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-kózhatni) | (-kózhatnom) | (-kózhatnod) | (-kózhatnia) | (-kózhatnunk) | (-kózhatnotok) | (-kózhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-kózhatva / -kózhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -kózik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)