bellum
Appearance
Latin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈbel.lum/, [ˈbɛlːʲʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈbel.lum/, [ˈbɛlːum]
Etymology 1
[edit]From older form duellum; compare the changes from duis to bis and from duonus to bonus.
Noun
[edit]bellum n (genitive bellī); second declension
- war
- Synonyms: proelium, pugna, rixa, duellum, dimicatio, certamen, certatus
- Dulce bellum inexpertīs
- War is sweet to those who have never experienced it.
- Flavius Vegetius
- Sī vīs pācem parā bellum.
- If you want peace, prepare for war.
- Sī vīs pācem parā bellum.
- Si omnes opinionibus pugnent non sint bella.
- If everyone should fight for their own convictions, there would be no wars.
Declension
[edit]Second-declension noun (neuter), with locative.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | bellum | bella |
genitive | bellī | bellōrum |
dative | bellō | bellīs |
accusative | bellum | bella |
ablative | bellō | bellīs |
vocative | bellum | bella |
locative | bellī | bellīs |
Locative used in the sense "at war".
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- →⇒ English: antebellum, interbellum, postbellum (learned)
- →⇒ Romanian: răzbel (learned)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inflection of bellus (“pretty”).
Adjective
[edit]bellum
- inflection of bellus:
References
[edit]- “bellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bellum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- bellum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bellum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum
- (ambiguous) to threaten war, carnage: denuntiare bellum, caedem (Sest. 20. 46)
- (ambiguous) a religious war: bellum pro religionibus susceptum
- (ambiguous) men exempt from service owing to age: qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles
- (ambiguous) to charge some one with the conduct of a war: praeficere aliquem bello gerendo
- (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
- (ambiguous) to make preparations for war: bellum parare
- (ambiguous) preparations for war; war-material: apparatus (rare in plur.) belli
- (ambiguous) to make formal declaration of war: bellum indīcere, denuntiare
- (ambiguous) a regular, formal war: bellum iustum (pium)
- (ambiguous) a civil war: bellum intestinum, domesticum (opp. bellum externum)
- (ambiguous) to cause a war: bellum facere, movere, excitare
- (ambiguous) to kindle a war: bellum conflare (Fam. 5. 2. 8)
- (ambiguous) to meditate war: bellum moliri
- (ambiguous) to commence hostilities: bellum incipere, belli initium facere (B. G. 7. 1. 5)
- (ambiguous) to interfere in a war: bello se interponere (Liv. 35. 48)
- (ambiguous) to be involved in a war: bello implicari
- (ambiguous) to begin a war with some one: bellum cum aliquo inire
- (ambiguous) a war is imminent: bellum impendet, imminet, instat
- (ambiguous) war breaks out: bellum oritur, exardescit
- (ambiguous) everywhere the torch of war is flaming: omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2)
- (ambiguous) to make war on a person: bellum gerere cum aliquo
- (ambiguous) to wage war in conjunction with some one: bellum coniungere (Imp. Pomp. 9. 26)
- (ambiguous) to protract, prolong a war: bellum ducere, trahere, extrahere
- (ambiguous) to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
- (ambiguous) to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
- (ambiguous) to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive: bellum or arma ultro inferre
- (ambiguous) to act on the defensive: bellum (inlatum) defendere
- (ambiguous) to go to war, commence a campaign: proficisci ad bellum, in expeditionem (Sall. Iug. 103)
- (ambiguous) to send to the war: mittere ad bellum
- (ambiguous) to have the control of the war: bellum administrare
- (ambiguous) to harass with war: bello persequi aliquem, lacessere
- (ambiguous) to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
- (ambiguous) to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
- (ambiguous) to terminate a war (by a treaty, etc.: bellum componere (Fam. 10. 33)
- (ambiguous) to transfer the seat of war elsewhere: bellum transferre alio, in...
- (ambiguous) the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)
- (ambiguous) to change one's tactics: rationem belli gerendi mutare (Liv. 32. 31)
- (ambiguous) to triumph over some one: triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis)
- (ambiguous) to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war: minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum
Old English
[edit]Noun
[edit]bellum
Categories:
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the second declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin adjective forms
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Military
- la:War
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English noun forms