proelium

Latin

Alternative forms

• praelium
• prelium (Medieval Latin)

Etymology

Possibly for *provillium, *produillium, from duellum, bellum.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈproe̯.li.um/, [ˈproe̯lʲiʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpre.li.um/, [ˈprɛːlium]

Noun

proelium n (genitive proeliī or proelī); second declension

1. a battle, combat, conflict

   Synonyms: pugna, bellum, certamen, dimicatio, duellum

2. (poetic) warriors taken collectively
3. a contest, strife

   Synonyms: certatus, rixa

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	proelium	proelia
Genitive	proeliī proelī1	proeliōrum
Dative	proeliō	proeliīs
Accusative	proelium	proelia
Ablative	proeliō	proeliīs
Vocative	proelium	proelia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• proeliāris
• proeliātor
• proelior

Descendants

• → Italian: prelio (learned)
• Portuguese: prélio

References

• “proelium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “proelium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• proelium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to provoke the enemy to battle: proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare
    
  • to refrain from fighting: supersedere proelio
    
  • to demand loudly the signal to engage: signum proelii (committendi) exposcere (B. G. 7. 19)
    
  • to give the signal to engage: signum proelii dare
    
  • (1) to begin the battle, (2) to give battle: proelium committere
    
  • to engage: proelium inire (Liv. 2. 14)
    
  • to give battle: proelium facere
    
  • to give battle with a cavalry-division: proelio equestri contendere
    
  • to give battle with a cavalry-division: proelium equestre facere
    
  • to fight successfully: proelium facere secundum
    
  • to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti
    
  • to interrupt the battle: proelium intermittere
    
  • to break off the fight: proelium dirimere (B. C. 1. 40)
    
  • to renew the battle with success: proelium restituere
    
  • to begin the fight again: proelium renovare, redintegrare
    
  • to give up the fight: proelium deserere
    
  • to fight a decisive battle: proelio, armis decertare (B. G. 1. 50)
    
  • to take part in the engagement: proelio interesse
    
  • a bloody battle: proelium cruentum, atrox
    
  • a pitched battle: proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium)
    
  • the lines charge in battle one on another: proelio concurritur (Sall. Iug. 59)
    
  • to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
    
  • the issue of the battle is undecided: proelium anceps est
    
  • to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
    
  • to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere
    
  • to gain a victory, win a battle: proelio vincere