barbarus

Gothic

Romanization

barbarus

1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌿𐍃

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”) onomatopoeic (mimicking foreign languages, akin to “blah blah”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈbar.ba.rus/, [ˈbärbärʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbar.ba.rus/, [ˈbärbärus]

Adjective

barbarus (feminine barbara, neuter barbarum, adverb barbarē); first/second-declension adjective

1. foreign, strange
2. savage, hostile
3. barbaric, barbarous, uncivilized
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.539–540:

     “Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeve hunc tam barbara mōrem
     permittit patria?”

     “What race of men [is] this? Or what country [is] so barbaric that it permits this custom?”

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	barbarus	barbara	barbarum		barbarī	barbarae	barbara
genitive	barbarī	barbarae	barbarī		barbarōrum	barbarārum	barbarōrum
dative	barbarō	barbarae	barbarō		barbarīs
accusative	barbarum	barbaram	barbarum		barbarōs	barbarās	barbara
ablative	barbarō	barbarā	barbarō		barbarīs
vocative	barbare	barbara	barbarum		barbarī	barbarae	barbara

Derived terms

• barbara
• Barbara
• barbaracuīnus
• barbaracus

Related terms

• barbaricus
• barbariēs
• barbarismus
• barbarīzō
• barbarolexis

Noun

barbarus m (genitive barbarī); second declension

1. a foreigner
2. a savage
3. an uncivilized man

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	barbarus	barbarī
genitive	barbarī	barbarōrum
dative	barbarō	barbarīs
accusative	barbarum	barbarōs
ablative	barbarō	barbarīs
vocative	barbare	barbarī

Descendants

• → Old Galician-Portuguese: barbaro, barbari, barberi, berberi
  • Fala: bárbaru
  • Galician: bárbaro
  • Portuguese: bárbaro

References

• “barbarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “barbarus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "barbarus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• barbarus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.