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The rules for formation of plural and oblique forms in Marathi are not difficult, but they are numerous [ …] Even words of the same gender having the same ending may fall into two or more subclasses following different rules for plural and oblique formation [ …] However, the situation is not as chaotic as it may seem. The majority of words do follow rules predictable from their gender and ending class.
—Maxine Berntsen, Jai Nimbkar
Symbols and Abbreviations [ edit ]
Symbol or Abbreviation
Meaning
Singular
Plural
Direct
Direct Singular
Direct Plural
Oblique
Oblique Singular
Oblique Plural
direct (nominative) forms above oblique forms without suffixes
क्ष
( [ …] )C = consonant possibly with a diacritic and/or preceded by more characters
ज्ञ
C in C.C or Cː = geminated consonant
लेखन कोश
मराठी लेखन कोश २०२०
unmarked
there is no direct masculine ending to be removed instead, endings are added onto the full lemma
Moved to User:Kutchkutch/mr-ndecl/cons-stem .
Moved to User:Kutchkutch/mr-ndecl/ā-stem .
Tag
Gender
Example
Another Example
Paradigm
गारुडी
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
माळी
माळी
Oblique
माळ्या
माळ्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
शिंपी
शिंपी
Oblique
शिंप्या
शिंप्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षी
Oblique
क्ष्या
क्ष्यां
मामी
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
चिमणी
चिमण्या
Oblique
चिमणी
चिमण्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
गाडी
गाड्या
Oblique
गाडी
गाड्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्ष्या
Oblique
क्षी
क्ष्यां
लोणी
neut
Singular
Plural
Direct
पाणी
पाणी
Oblique
पाण्या
पाण्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
दही
दही
Oblique
दह्या
दह्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षी
Oblique
क्ष्या
क्ष्यां
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
गारुडी
-
masc
कवी(-वि) (masc) page 82, column 1
Oblique Singular
कवी-
Oblique Plural
कवीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
कवि
कवि
Oblique
कवी
कवीं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षि
क्षि
Oblique
क्षी
क्षीं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
i -stem{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |12}}
Burgess Ebenezer 24 Although Sanskrit i -stem usually → ī-stem, this paradigm preserves the Sanskrit spelling for direct forms
गारुडी
गणपती
masc
हत्ती (masc) page 109, column 2
Oblique Singular
हत्ती-
Oblique Plural
हत्तीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
हत्ती
हत्ती
Oblique
हत्ती
हत्तीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षी
Oblique
क्षी
क्षीं
unmarked ī-stem
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
गांधी
गांधी
Oblique
गांधी-
गांधीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षी
Oblique
क्षी
क्षीं
proper nouns : surnames unmarked ī-stem
cī-stem, jī-stem & jhī-stem[ edit ]
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
मोची
मोची
Oblique
मोच्या
मोच्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षची
क्षची
Oblique
क्षच्या
क्षच्यां
cī-stem
गारुडी
-
masc
काजी (masc) page 84, column 1
Oblique Singular
काजी-
Oblique Plural
काजीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
काज़ी
काज़ी
Oblique
काज़ी
काज़ीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षज़ी
क्षज़ी
Oblique
क्षज़ी
क्षज़ीं
j̈ī-stem respelling with nuqta
गारुडी
-
masc
भटजी (masc) page 261, column 4
Oblique Singular
भटजी-
Oblique Plural
भटजीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
भटजी
भटजी
Oblique
भटजी
भटजीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षजी
क्षजी
Oblique
क्षजी
क्षजी
jī-stem nouns ending in the honorific जी do not change Marathi Reference Grammar 28
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
काझ़ी
काझ़ी
Oblique
काझ़ी
काझ़ीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षझ़ी
क्षझ़ी
Oblique
क्षझ़ी
क्षझ़ीं
j̈hī-stem respelling with nuqta
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
खलाशी
खलाशी
Oblique
खलाश्या
खलाश्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षशी
क्षशी
Oblique
क्षश्या
क्षश्यां
marked śī-stempalatalisation : ɕj → ɕ / __i
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
खलाशी
खलाशी
Oblique
खलाशा
खलाशां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षशी
क्षशी
Oblique
क्षशा
क्षशां
śī-stem
गारुडी
रहिवासी
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
निवासी
निवासी
Oblique
निवासी
निवासीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षसी
क्षसी
Oblique
क्षसी
क्षसीं
unmarked sī-stem
गारुडी
प्रवासी
masc
प्रवासी (masc) page 238, column 4
Oblique Singular
प्रवाशा-
Oblique Plural
प्रवाशां-
Singular
Plural
Direct
प्रवासी
प्रवासी
Oblique
प्रवाशा
प्रवाशां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षसी
क्षसी
Oblique
क्षशा
क्षशां
marked sī-stempalatalisation : sj → ɕ / __i
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
गारुडी
-
masc
केसरी (masc) page 95, column 1
Oblique Singular
केसरी-
Oblique Plural
केसरीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
केसरी
केसरी
Oblique
केसरी
केसरीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षरी
क्षरी
Oblique
क्षरी
क्षरीं
unmarked rī-stem
गारुडी
-
masc
भिकारी (masc) page 266, column 2
Oblique Singular
भिकाऱ्या-
Oblique Plural
भिकाऱ्यां-
Singular
Plural
Direct
भिकारी
भिकारी
Oblique
भिकाऱ्या
भिकाऱ्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षरी
क्षरी
Oblique
क्षऱ्या
क्षऱ्यां
rī-stem{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |16}}
Independent ī-stem & ū-stem[ edit ]
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
गारुडी
-
masc
अनुयायी (masc) page 44, column 3
Oblique Singular
अनुयायी-
Oblique Plural
अनुयायीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
अनुयायी
अनुयायी
Oblique
अनुयायी
अनुयायीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षयी
क्षयी
Oblique
क्षयी
क्षयीं
yī-stemयी not interchangeable with ई {{R:mr:Berntsen |Order of Entries}}
गारुडी
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
देसाई
देसाई
Oblique
देसाई-
देसाईं-
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षई
क्षई
Oblique
क्षई
क्षईं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
proper nouns : surnames unmarked independent ī-stemMarathi in Context 4. Making an Appointment
गारुडी
भोई
masc
जावई (masc) page 146, column 3
Oblique Singular
जावया-
Oblique Plural
जावयां-
Singular
Plural
Direct
जावई
जावई
Oblique
जावया
जावयां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षई
क्षई
Oblique
क्षया
क्षयां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent ī-stem Vowel → Semivowel: ī → j / V__
गारुडी
-
masc
भाऊजी (masc) page 263, column 3
Oblique Singular
भावजी-
Oblique Plural
भावजीं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
भाऊजी
भाऊजी
Oblique
भावजी
भावजीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षऊक्षी
क्षऊक्षी
Oblique
क्षवक्षी
क्षवक्षीं
word-medial independent ū Vowel → Semivowel: u → ʋ / V__C
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
Example
Paradigm
Comments
मामी
ग्रंथी
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
माती
माती
Oblique
माती
मातीं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षी
Oblique
क्षी
क्षीं
unmarked ī-stem
मामी
-
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
व्यक्ति
व्यक्ति
Oblique
व्यक्ती
व्यक्तीं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षि
क्षि
Oblique
क्षी
क्षीं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
i-stem{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |12}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 33 Burgess Ebenezer 26 Dadoba Pandurang 86
मामी
परी
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
पुरी
पुऱ्या
Oblique
पुरी
पुऱ्यां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षरी
क्षऱ्या
Oblique
क्षरी
क्षऱ्यां
eyelash र (र् )र + ्या = ऱ्या {{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |16}}
मामी
-
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
कपबशी
कपबशा
Oblique
कपबशी
कपबशां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षशी
क्षशा
Oblique
क्षशी
क्षशां
palatalisation : ɕj → ɕ / __i {{R:mr:Berntsen-Nimbkar 1982 |157}}
मामी
स्त्री
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
स्त्री
स्त्रिया
Oblique
स्त्री
स्त्रियां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षी
क्षिया
Oblique
क्षी
क्षियां
monosyllabic stems : {{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |112}}
Marathi in Context 7. Are you American?
मामी
समई
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
मिठाई
मिठाया
Oblique
मिठाई
मिठायां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षई
क्षया
Oblique
क्षई
क्षयां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : stem-final independent-ī{{R:mr:Berntsen-Nimbkar 1982 |234}}
Marathi in Context 11. Here's Daddy's Brother and His Wife
मामी
माई
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
माई
माई
Oblique
माई
माईं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षई
क्षई
Oblique
क्षई
क्षईं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : unmarked stem-final independent-ī
Tag
Gender
Example
Another Example
Paradigm
नातू
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
नातू
नातू
Oblique
नातवा
नातवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
विंचू
विंचू
Oblique
विंचवा
विंचवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षू
Oblique
क्षवा
क्षवां
सासू
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
सासू
सासवा
Oblique
सासवे
सासवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
पिसू
पिसवा
Oblique
पिसवे
पिसवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षवा
Oblique
क्षवे
क्षवां
तारू
neut
Singular
Plural
Direct
तारू
तारवे, तारवं
Oblique
तारवा
तारवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
आसू
आसवे, आसवं
Oblique
आसवा
आसवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षवे, क्षवं
Oblique
क्षवा
क्षवां
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
Example
Paradigm
Comments
नातू
परशू
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
साधू
साधू
Oblique
साधू
साधूं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षू
Oblique
क्षू
क्षूं
unmarked ū-stem{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |42}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 28-29{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |29}}
Marathi in Context Unit One Seasons and Festivals
नातू
-
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
गुरु
गुरु
Oblique
गुरू
गुरूं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षु
क्षु
Oblique
क्षू
क्षूं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
u -stem{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |30}}
Burgess Ebenezer 26 Marathi in Context 20. शिवाजी महाराज Although Sanskrit u -stem usually → ū-stem, this paradigm preserves the Sanskrit spelling for direct forms
नातू
भाऊ
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
भाऊ
भाऊ
Oblique
भावा
भावां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षऊ
क्षऊ
Oblique
क्षवा
क्षवां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : stem-final independent ū{{R:mr:Berntsen-Nimbkar 1982 |100}}
{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |30, 112}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 28-29 Marathi in Context 3. These Are Our Children
नातू
गहू
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
गहू
गहू
Oblique
गव्हा
गव्हां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षहू
क्षहू
Oblique
क्षव्हा
क्षव्हां
murmur rule : Ca_[≠ /i/, /u/, /o/] → Cʱ[≠ /i/, /u/, /o/]{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |22}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 29{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |112}}
नातू
पू
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
पू
पू
Oblique
पुवा
पुवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षू
Oblique
क्षुवा
क्षुवां
monosyllabic stems : Marathi Reference Grammar 29
नातू
काऊ
masc
Singular
Plural
Direct
खाऊ
खाऊ
Oblique
खाऊ
खाऊं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षऊ
क्षऊ
Oblique
क्षऊ
क्षऊं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : unmarked stem-final independent-ū
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
Example
Paradigm
Comments
सासू
वाळू
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
वस्तू
वस्तू
Oblique
वस्तू
वस्तूं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षू
Oblique
क्षू
क्षूं
unmarked ū-stem Marathi Reference Grammar 34
सासू
-
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
वस्तु
वस्तु
Oblique
वस्तू
वस्तूं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षु
क्षु
Oblique
क्षू
क्षूं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
u -stem{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |30}}
Although Sanskrit u -stem usually → ū-stem, this paradigm preserves the Sanskrit spelling for direct forms
सासू
जाऊ
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
जाऊ
जावा
Oblique
जावे
जावां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षऊ
क्षवा
Oblique
क्षवे
क्षवां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : stem-final independent ū Marathi Reference Grammar 34-35{{R:mr:Berntsen-Nimbkar 1982 |100}}
{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |112}}
सासू
-
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
सू
सुवा
Oblique
सुवे
सुवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षुवे
Oblique
क्षुवा
क्षुवां
monosyllabic stems : stem-final monosyllabic ū Ebenezer Burgess page 27
सासू
ऊ
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
ऊ
उवा
Oblique
उवे
उवां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षुवा
Oblique
क्षुवा
क्षुवां
monosyllabic stems & independent vowels : stem-final monosyllabic independent ū Marathi Reference Grammar 34
सासू
चिऊ
fem
Singular
Plural
Direct
आऊ
आऊ
Oblique
आऊ
आऊं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षऊ
क्षऊ
Oblique
क्षऊ
क्षऊं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent vowels : unmarked stem-final independent-ū
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
Example
Paradigm
Comments
तारू
वासरू
neut
Singular
Plural
Direct
पिल्लू
पिल्ले, पिल्लं
Oblique
पिल्ला
पिल्लां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षे, क्षं
Oblique
क्षा
क्षां
आ-oblique ū-stem{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |42}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 30{{R:mr:Raeside-Nemade 1990 |112}}
तारू
जीवाणू
neut
Singular
Plural
Direct
जीवाणू
जीवाणू
Oblique
जीवाणू
जीवाणूं
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षू
Oblique
क्षू
क्षूं
unmarked ū-stem
तारू
-
neut
Singular
Plural
Direct
गू
गुवे, गुवं
Oblique
गुवा
गुवां
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षू
क्षुवे, क्षवं
Oblique
क्षुवा
क्षुवां
monosyllabic stems : stem-final monosyllabic ū Marathi Reference Grammar 34
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
-
masc
भर्तृ (masc) page 262, column 4
Oblique Singular
भर्तृ-
Oblique Plural
भर्तृं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
भर्तृ
भर्तृ
Oblique
भर्तृ
भर्तृं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षृ
क्षृ
Oblique
क्षृ
क्षृं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
-
fem
मातृ (fem) page 279, column 2
Oblique Singular
मातृ-
Oblique Plural
मातृं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
मातृ
मातृ
Oblique
मातृ
मातृं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षृ
क्षृ
Oblique
क्षृ
क्षृं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
-
fem
पै (fem) page 233, column 3
Oblique Singular
पै-
Direct Plural
पैया
Oblique Plural
पयां-
Singular
Plural
Direct
पै
पया
Oblique
पै
पयां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षै
क्षया
Oblique
क्षै
क्षयां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
धनको
masc
धनको (masc) page 114, column 3
Oblique Singular
धनको-
Oblique Plural
धनकों-
Singular
Plural
Direct
धनको
धनको
Oblique
धनको
धनकों
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षो
क्षो
Oblique
क्षो
क्षों
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |43}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 30
बायको
fem
बायको (fem) page 252, column 4
Oblique Singular
बायको-
Direct Plural
बायका
Oblique Plural
बायकां
Singular
Plural
Direct
बायको
बायका
Oblique
बायको
बायकां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षो
क्षा
Oblique
क्षो
क्षां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |43}}
Marathi Reference Grammar 36
-
neut (sg-only)
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
टोकियो
-
Oblique
टोकियो-
-
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षो
-
Oblique
क्षो
-
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
proper nouns Marathi in Context 8. Do You Know Marathi?
Subtag of
Tag
Gender
लेखन कोश
Testcase
Paradigm
Comments
धनको
-
masc
-
Singular
Plural
Direct
शो
शो
Oblique
शो
शों
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षो
क्षो
Oblique
क्षो
क्षों
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
unmarked o-stem (monosyllabic)
धनको
-
masc
पो (masc) page 234, column 1
Oblique Singular
पोवा-
Oblique Plural
पोवां-
Singular
Plural
Direct
पो
पो
Oblique
पोवा
पोवां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षो
क्षो
Oblique
क्षोवा
क्षोवां
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
marked o-stem (monosyllabic)
धनको
-
masc
रेडिओ (masc) page 303, column 2
Oblique Singular
रेडिओ-
Oblique Plural
रेडिओं-
Singular
Plural
Direct
रेडिओ
रेडिओ
Oblique
रेडिओ
रेडिओं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
Singular
Plural
Direct
क्षओ
क्षओ
Oblique
क्षओ
क्षओं
Lua error: bad argument #1 to 'len' (string expected, got nil)
independent o-stemMarathi in Context 11. What Is This?
Although the prescribed spelling is -ने , the singular ergative case marker can also be pronounced and written as:
/-ni/ -नी
/-nə/ -नं
{{R:mr:Dhongde-Wali 2009 |110}}
{{R:mr:Berntsen-Nimbkar 1982 |155, 386, 401}}