Template:la-IPA
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(Classical Latin) IPA(key): /in.spiːˈraː.re/, [ĩːs̠piːˈräːrɛ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in.spiˈra.re/, [inspiˈräːre]
- The following documentation is located at Template:la-IPA/documentation. [edit]
- Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox
This template generates pronunciation for Latin terms using Module:la-pronunc. It is generally quite smart; see examples below. Most of the time it is sufficient to copy the term’s spelling (with macrons) into the first parameter, but occasionally you need to help the module out through respellings.
Parameters
|1=
: Term’s spelling, with macrons (possibly respelled as necessary). If omitted, the page title is used.|eccl=0
or|eccl=no
: Don’t generate the Ecclesiastical pronunciation (generated by default).|classical=0
or|classical=no
: Don’t generate the Classical pronunciation (generated by default).|vul=1
or|vul=yes
: Also generate Vulgar Latin pronunciation. Defaults to true if the page is in the Reconstruction namespace. (NOTE: This is problematic in that the Vulgar Latin pronunciation varied by area. This assumes the pronunciation of a specific portion of the Italo-Western region, with a 7-vowel system, lenition of intervocalic stops and palatalization of /k/ and /g/ before front vowels.)|ann=
: Add a boldfaced “annotation” before the generated pronunciation. This is intended when multiple pronunciations need to be specified because multiple headwords with different pronunciations are contained in the same etymology section (e.g. the nominative and ablative singular of a feminine noun). Use|ann=1
to generate an annotation based on param 1 (the term’s spelling/respelling). Any other value is included literally as the annotation.|accent=
,|accent2=
, …: Override the default accent qualifier (normally “Classical”, “Ecclesiastical” or “Vulgar”).
Respelling
Normally, it is enough to specify the term’s spelling, with macrons. The following additional marks are supported:
'
(an ASCII apostrophe): Override the position of the stress. Example:{{la-IPA|Ver'gilī}}
..
(an ASCII period): Specify an explicit syllable boundary. This also prevents certain default rules from operating, e.g. conversion of i to j and u to v word-initially, between vowels and (in the case of i) after certain prefixes (see below).;
(an ASCII semicolon): Specify an optional syllable break in the middle of a cluster that can also be syllabified as an onset. In particular, in many Latin words a syllable break could fall between an obstruent (like /p b t d k g/) and a following liquid (like /r/ or /l/) in poetry, even when the consonants could also form a valid syllable onset._
(an ASCII underscore): If placed between two vowels, cause the vowels to be pronounced as a diphthong when they otherwise wouldn’t (particularly useful in the sequencee_u
).-
(an ASCII hyphen/minus): Denotes a prefix when placed at the end of a word, or a suffix when placed at the beginning of a word. This changes the handling of stress; in particular, a prefix won’t have any stress, and a suffix will be treated as if it had a preceding syllable for the purposes of stress placement (or lack thereof).ë
,ü
(a diaeresis/umlaut): In the sequencesaë
,oë
,aü
forces interpretation of the sequence as two separate vowels rather than a diphthong (e.g.{{la-IPA|coëmō}}
). The same effect can also be achieved by adding a.
between the vowels.ă
,ĕ
,ĭ
,ŏ
,ŭ
(a breve): Indicates a short vowel. Normally this has no effect, but it can be used to force a vocalic interpretation of i or u, e.g. in{{la-IPA|langŭī}}
. The same effect can also be achieved by adding a.
after the i or u.- Macron-breve sequence (e.g.
{{la-IPA|crū̆sta}}
): Indicates that the vowel length is unknown. Two pronunciations will be generated on the same line, one with vowel length and the other with vowel shortness.
The following should additionally be noted:
- Normally, sequences of vowel + obstruent (b d g p t c ph th ch f) + liquid (l r) have a syllable division between the vowel and the obstruent (e.g. ē.brius not ēb.rius). However, an exception is made for occurrences of the prefixes ab-, ad-, ob-, sub- + liquid (l r), which are divided after the prefix (ab.rogō not a.brogō). This will lead to wrong syllable division in occasional false positives, which need to have the syllable division manually specified (e.g. a.bra, a.brotonum).
- Normally, an i before a vowel after a consonant is treated as vocalic; but an exception is made following any of the prefixes ab-, ad-, circum-, con-, dis-, ex-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, sub-, subter-, super-, trans-, and trāns-, where the i will be treated as consonantal /j/. This will lead to wrong results in occasional false positives (e.g. abiēs, interior and the perfect-stem forms of derivatives of eō, such as adiit, subieram, etc.). In such words, a syllable break
.
should be placed after the i. - u needs to be rewritten as v in words beginning su- where the u is consonantal, e.g. suēscō, suāvis.
- An extra j needs to be added in words such as obiciō (pronounced as if spelled objiciō) and obex (pronounced as if spelled objex).
Examples
1 syllable
{{la-IPA|est}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛs̠t̪]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /est/, [ɛst̪]
{{la-IPA|cuj}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /kui̯/, [kʊi̯]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kuj/, [kuj]
2 syllables
{{la-IPA|linō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈli.noː/, [ˈlʲɪnoː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈli.no/, [ˈliːno]
{{la-IPA|majjor}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈmai̯.i̯or/, [ˈmäi̯ːɔr]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.jor/, [ˈmäːjor]
{{la-IPA|zmintha}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈzmin.tʰa/, [ˈz̪mɪn̪t̪ʰä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡zmin.ta/, [ˈd̪͡z̪min̪t̪ä]
3 syllables
{{la-IPA|Caphāre_us}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /kaˈpʰaː.reu̯s/, [käˈpʰäːrɛu̯s̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kaˈfa.reu̯s/, [käˈfäːreu̯s]
{{la-IPA|dēfensum}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /deːˈfen.sum/, [d̪eːˈfẽːs̠ʊ̃ˑ]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /deˈfen.sum/, [d̪eˈfɛnsum]
{{la-IPA|hominis}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈho.mi.nis/, [ˈhɔmɪnɪs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈo.mi.nis/, [ˈɔːminis]
{{la-IPA|īnspīrō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /inˈspiː.roː/, [ĩːˈs̠piːroː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈspi.ro/, [inˈspiːro]
{{la-IPA|abiēs}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈab.i̯eːs/, [ˈäbi̯eːs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈab.jes/, [ˈäbjes]
{{la-IPA|abjungō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /abˈi̯un.ɡoː/, [äbˈi̯ʊŋɡoː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /abˈjun.ɡo/, [äbˈjuŋɡo]
{{la-IPA|Ver'gilī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /u̯erˈɡi.liː/, [u̯ɛrˈɡɪlʲiː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /verˈd͡ʒi.li/, [verˈd͡ʒiːli]
{{la-IPA|Ver.gilī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯er.ɡi.liː/, [ˈu̯ɛrɡɪlʲiː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈver.d͡ʒi.li/, [ˈvɛrd͡ʒili]
{{la-IPA|Vergilī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯er.ɡi.liː/, [ˈu̯ɛrɡɪlʲiː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈver.d͡ʒi.li/, [ˈvɛrd͡ʒili]
{{la-IPA|subrīdet}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /subˈriː.det/, [s̠ʊbˈriːd̪ɛt̪]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /subˈri.det/, [subˈriːd̪et̪]
{{la-IPA|rubrīca}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ruˈbriː.ka/, [rʊˈbriːkä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ruˈbri.ka/, [ruˈbriːkä]
4 syllables
{{la-IPA|admixtiō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.oː/, [äd̪ˈmɪks̠t̪ioː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /adˈmik.sti.o/, [äd̪ˈmikst̪io]
{{la-IPA|aquaeductus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /a.kʷae̯ˈduk.tus/, [äkʷäe̯ˈd̪ʊkt̪ʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /a.kweˈduk.tus/, [äkweˈd̪ukt̪us]
{{la-IPA|philosophia}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /pʰi.loˈso.pʰi.a/, [pʰɪɫ̪ɔˈs̠ɔpʰiä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /fi.loˈso.fi.a/, [filoˈs̬ɔːfiä]
{{la-IPA|zōdiacus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /zoːˈdi.a.kus/, [d̪͡z̪oːˈd̪iäkʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /d͡zoˈdi.a.kus/, [d̪͡z̪oˈd̪iːäkus]
{{la-IPA|subrīdeō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /subˈriː.de.oː/, [s̠ʊbˈriːd̪eoː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /subˈri.de.o/, [subˈriːd̪eo]
Explicit syllable division specified
{{la-IPA|Gāi.us}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːi̯.us/, [ˈɡäːi̯ʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡaj.us/, [ˈɡäjus]
{{la-IPA|i.ambus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /iˈam.bus/, [iˈämbʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /iˈam.bus/, [iˈämbus]
{{la-IPA|te.sta}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈte.sta/, [ˈt̪ɛs̠t̪ä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈte.sta/, [ˈt̪ɛːst̪ä]
{{la-IPA|to.r.ta}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /toˈr.ta/, [t̪ɔˈrt̪ä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /toˈr.ta/, [t̪oˈrt̪ä]
{{la-IPA|tor.ta}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈtor.ta/, [ˈt̪ɔrt̪ä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtor.ta/, [ˈt̪ɔrt̪ä]
Affixes
{{la-IPA|-bilis}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /bi.lis/, [bɪlʲɪs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /bi.lis/, [bilis]
{{la-IPA|-īnus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈiː.nus/, [ˈiːnʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.nus/, [ˈiːnus]
{{la-IPA|-aster}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈas.ter/, [ˈäs̠t̪ɛr]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈas.ter/, [ˈäst̪er]
{{la-IPA|-issimō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈis.si.moː/, [ˈɪs̠ːɪmoː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈis.si.mo/, [ˈisːimo]
{{la-IPA|-uus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /u.us/, [uʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /u.us/, [uːs]
{{la-IPA|-ia}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /i.a/, [iä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.a/, [iä]
{{la-IPA|-r.na}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /r.na/, [rnä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /r.na/, [rnä]
{{la-IPA|sēmi-}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seː.mi/, [s̠eːmɪ]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se.mi/, [semi]
{{la-IPA|sē.m-}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seː.m/, [s̠eːm]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /se.m/, [sem]
{{la-IPA|in-}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /in/, [ɪn]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in/, [in]
{{la-IPA|ptilo-}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /pti.lo/, [pt̪ɪɫ̪ɔ]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /pti.lo/, [pt̪ilo]
Breves, macron-breve sequences, diaereses
{{la-IPA|crū̆sta}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkruːs.ta/, [ˈkruːs̠t̪ä] or IPA(key): /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkrʊs̠t̪ä]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkrus.ta/, [ˈkrust̪ä]
{{la-IPA|languī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡʷiː/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡʷiː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡwi/, [ˈläŋɡwi]
{{la-IPA|langŭī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡu.iː/, [ˈɫ̪äŋɡuiː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈlan.ɡu.i/, [ˈläŋɡui]
{{la-IPA|coepī}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkoe̯.piː/, [ˈkoe̯piː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃe.pi/, [ˈt͡ʃɛːpi]
{{la-IPA|coëmō}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈko.e.moː/, [ˈkoɛmoː]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈko.e.mo/, [ˈkɔːemo]
Ultimate challenges
{{la-IPA|uīuum}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯iː.u̯um/, [ˈu̯iːu̯ʊ̃ˑ]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.vum/, [ˈviːvum]
{{la-IPA|vīvvm}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈu̯iː.uu̯m/, [ˈu̯iːʊu̯m]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈvi.uvm/, [ˈviːuvm]
{{la-IPA|cujus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkui̯.i̯us/, [ˈkʊi̯ːʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈku.jus/, [ˈkuːjus]
{{la-IPA|majus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈmai̯.i̯us/, [ˈmäi̯ːʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.jus/, [ˈmäːjus]
{{la-IPA|trāiectus}}
: (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /traːˈi̯ek.tus/, [t̪räːˈi̯ɛkt̪ʊs̠]- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /traˈjek.tus/, [t̪räˈjɛkt̪us]
Ecclesiastical-only
{{la-IPA|abarnō|classical=no}}
: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈbar.no/, [äˈbärno]{{la-IPA|archidux|classical=no}}
: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈar.ki.duks/, [ˈärkid̪uks]{{la-IPA|wadium|classical=no}}
: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈva.di.um/, [ˈväːd̪ium]{{la-IPA|gwerra|classical=no}}
: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡwer.ra/, [ˈɡwɛrːä]