Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*swīgēn

to be silent
Synonyms: *stillēn, *þagēn

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*swīgēn
1st sg. past	*swīg?dā
Infinitive	*swīgēn
Genitive infin.	*swīgēnijas
Dative infin.	*swīgēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*swīgēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*swīgē	*swīg?dā
2nd singular	*swīgēs	swīg?dēs, swīg?dēs
3rd singular	*swīgēþ	swīg?dē, swīg?dā
1st plural	*swīgēm	*swīg?dum
2nd plural	*swīgēþ	*swīg?dud
3rd plural	*swīgēnþ	*swīg?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*swīgē	*swīg?dī
2nd singular	*swīgēs	*swīg?dī
3rd singular	*swīgē	*swīg?dī
1st plural	*swīgēm	*swīg?dīm
2nd plural	*swīgēþ	*swīg?dīd
3rd plural	*swīgēn	*swīg?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*swīgē
Plural	*swīgēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*swīgēndī	*swīg?d

Related terms

*swaigijan

Derived terms

*swīgung
- Old English: swīgung
  - Middle English: swiʒunge, swiʒunga
- Old High German: swīgunga

Descendants

The verb was originally a weak stative verb, but developed strong forms in early Middle Dutch and Middle High German.

Old English: swīgian, swīgan, sweogian, sweowian, swugian, swuwian, sugian, suwian
- Middle English: swīen
Old Frisian: swīgia
- West Frisian: swije
Old Saxon: swīgon
- Middle Low German: swîgen
  - Low German: swiegen
Old Dutch: *swīgon
- Middle Dutch: swigen
  - Dutch: zwijgen
  - Limburgish: zwiege
Old High German: swīgēn
- Middle High German: swīgen
  - Central Franconian: schwijje, schweie
  - German: schweigen
  - Yiddish: שווײַגן (shvaygn)