Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.

Noun

*skuldi f

1. obligation
2. debt
3. fault, blame, guilt

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skuldi
Genitive	*skuldī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skuldi	*skuldī
Accusative	*skuldi	*skuldī
Genitive	*skuldī	*skuldijō
Dative	*skuldī	*skuldim, *skuldijum
Instrumental	*skuldī	*skuldim, *skuldijum

Derived terms

• *skuldijan
• *skuldihaitijō
• *skuldōn

Descendants

• Old English: sċyld, sċyldu
  • Middle English: schuld, shild
    • English: shild
• Old Frisian: skeld
  • North Frisian: schild
  • Saterland Frisian: Skeeld
• Old Saxon: *skuld, sculd
  • Middle Low German: schuld, schülde
    • German Low German: Schuld, Schüld
• Old Dutch: skult
  • Middle Dutch: scult, scout
    • Dutch: schuld
      • Afrikaans: skuld
• Old High German: *skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta
  • Middle High German: schult, schulde
    • German: Schuld
      • → Esperanto: ŝuldo
    • Luxembourgish: Schold
    • Yiddish: שולד (shuld)