Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *skuldi +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*skuldijan

1. to accuse

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*skuldijan
1st sg. past	*skuldidā
Infinitive	*skuldijan
Genitive infin.	*skuldijannjas
Dative infin.	*skuldijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*skuldijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*skuldiju	*skuldidā
2nd singular	*skuldisi	*skuldidēs, *skuldidōs
3rd singular	*skuldiþi	*skuldidē, *skuldidā
1st plural	*skuldijum	*skuldidum
2nd plural	*skuldiþ	*skuldidud
3rd plural	*skuldijanþ	*skuldidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*skuldijē	*skuldidī
2nd singular	*skuldijēs	*skuldidī
3rd singular	*skuldijē	*skuldidī
1st plural	*skuldijēm	*skuldidīm
2nd plural	*skuldijēþ	*skuldidīd
3rd plural	*skuldijēn	*skuldidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*skuldi
Plural	*skuldiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*skuldijandī	*skuldid

Related terms

• *skuldōn

Descendants

• Old English: sċyldan
• Old Frisian: *skelda
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: bonskelda
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: urskelda
• Old Saxon: *skuldian
  • ⇒ Old Saxon: farskuldian
  • ⇒ Old Saxon: giskuldian
• Old Dutch: *skulden
  • Middle Dutch: schulden
• Old High German: skulden