Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/marhaskalk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *marh (“horse”) +‎ *skalk (“retainer”). For the semantic development, compare Chinese 司馬 (MC si maeX, literally “master of the horse”).

Noun

*marhaskalk m

1. a groom (attendant who looks after a horse)
2. high commander or official

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*marhaskalk
Genitive	*marhaskalkas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*marhaskalk	*marhaskalkō, *marhaskalkōs
Accusative	*marhaskalk	*marhaskalkā
Genitive	*marhaskalkas	*marhaskalkō
Dative	*marhaskalkē	*marhaskalkum
Instrumental	*marhaskalku	*marhaskalkum

Descendants

• Old Saxon: maraskalk, marahscalc
  • Middle Low German: marschalk, marschallik
    • → Icelandic: marskálkur
    • → Faroese: marskálkur
    • → Norwegian:
      • Norwegian Bokmål: marskalk
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: marskalk
    • → Old Swedish: marskalk
      • Swedish: marskalk
        • → Finnish: marsalkka
        • → Northern Sami: marskálka
    • → Old Danish: marskalk
      • → Danish: marskal (influenced by German Marschall)
      • ⇒ Old Danish: marsc
        • Danish: marsc (obsolete)
• Old Dutch: mariskalk
  • Middle Dutch: maerschalc, maerscalc, marscalc
    • Dutch: maarschalk
      • Afrikaans: maarskalk
      • → Indonesian: marsêkal
      • → West Frisian: maarskalk
• Old High German: marahscalc
  • Middle High German: marhscalc
    • Alemannic German: Marschalk (obsolete)
    • German: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence), Marschalk (obsolete)
      • → Czech: maršál
      • → Estonian: marssal
      • → Lithuanian: maršalas
      • → Macedonian: маршал (maršal)
      • → Russian: ма́ршал (máršal)
        • → Azerbaijani: marşal
        • → Georgian: მარშალი (maršali)
        • → Kazakh: маршал (marşal)
        • → Ukrainian: ма́ршал (máršal)
      • → Serbo-Croatian:
        • Latin script: maršal
        • Cyrillic script: маршал
    • Luxembourgish: Marschall (final /k/ lost due to French influence)
    • → Polish: marszałek
      • → Lithuanian: maršalka
• → Medieval Latin: mariscalcus, marescalcus, marescaldus, marescallus, mareschalchus
  • Old French: mareschal, marchal, marescal, marescald, marescalc, marschal (see there for further descendants)
  • Franco-Provençal: marechâl

    Brionnais: marétsau

    Fribourgeois: martsô

  • Italian: maniscalco (possibly mediated through early Gallo-Romance)