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Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *ja.

Particle

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*jā[1]

  1. yes
  2. thus, so

Descendants

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  • Old English: ġēa, ; ġē
  • Old Frisian: , ; , ,
    • Saterland Frisian: ja, jee
    • West Frisian: ja
  • Old Saxon: , giā; ge, gi, gie, gia
    • Middle Low German: ja,
      • German Low German: ja
  • Old Dutch:
    • Middle Dutch:
      • Dutch: ja
        • Afrikaans: ja
        • Indonesian: ya
        • Malay: ya
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: ja
        • Jersey Dutch:
        • Negerhollands: ja, ju
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: ja
      • Limburgish: jao
  • Old High German:
    • Middle High German: ja,
      • Alemannic German: ja, jaa, jòò,
      • Bavarian:
        Cimbrian: ja
        Viennese:
      • German: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal)
        • English: ya
        • Polish: jo
      • Luxembourgish: jo
      • Yiddish: יאָ (yo)

References

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  1. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 216:PWGmc *jā