Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hringijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, sound”) + *-jan.
Verb
[edit]*hringijan
Inflection
[edit]| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *hringidā | |
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *hringijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *hringijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hringijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringiju | *hringidā |
| 2nd singular | *hringisi | *hringidēs, *hringidōs |
| 3rd singular | *hringiþi | *hringidē, *hringidā |
| 1st plural | *hringijum | *hringidum |
| 2nd plural | *hringiþ | *hringidud |
| 3rd plural | *hringijanþ | *hringidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 2nd singular | *hringijēs | *hringidī |
| 3rd singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 1st plural | *hringijēm | *hringidīm |
| 2nd plural | *hringijēþ | *hringidīd |
| 3rd plural | *hringijēn | *hringidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hringi | |
| Plural | *hringiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hringijandī | *hringid |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: hrinġan
- Old Frisian: *ringa
- North Frisian: ringe
- Old Dutch: *ringen
- Old High German: hringan, ringan
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, circle”) + *-jan.
Verb
[edit]*hringijan
Inflection
[edit]| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *hringidā | |
| Infinitive | *hringijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *hringijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *hringijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *hringijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringiju | *hringidā |
| 2nd singular | *hringisi | *hringidēs, *hringidōs |
| 3rd singular | *hringiþi | *hringidē, *hringidā |
| 1st plural | *hringijum | *hringidum |
| 2nd plural | *hringiþ | *hringidud |
| 3rd plural | *hringijanþ | *hringidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 2nd singular | *hringijēs | *hringidī |
| 3rd singular | *hringijē | *hringidī |
| 1st plural | *hringijēm | *hringidīm |
| 2nd plural | *hringijēþ | *hringidīd |
| 3rd plural | *hringijēn | *hringidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *hringi | |
| Plural | *hringiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *hringijandī | *hringid |