Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arg

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *argaz.

Adjective

*arg

1. cowardly

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*arg
Genitive	*argas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*arg	*argu	*arg
Accusative	*arganā	*argā	*arg
Genitive	*argas	*argeʀā	*argas
Dative	*argumē	*argeʀē	*argumē
Instrumental	*argu	*argeʀu	*argu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*argē	*argō	*argu
Accusative	*argā	*argā	*argu
Genitive	*argeʀō	*argeʀō	*argeʀō
Dative	*argēm, *argum	*argēm, *argum	*argēm, *argum
Instrumental	*argēm, *argum	*argēm, *argum	*argēm, *argum

Descendants

• Old English: earg, arg
  • Middle English: arg, argh, eri
    • Early Scots: argh, arch
      • Scots: ergh, erfe, erf
    • English: argh, eerie
• Old Frisian: erch, erg
  • Saterland Frisian: äärch
  • West Frisian: erch, arch
• Old Saxon: *arug, *arg
  • Middle Low German: arich, arch
    • Low German: arg
• Old Dutch: arug, *arg
  • Middle Dutch: arch, aerch, erch
    • Dutch: erg, arg (the form with -a- is now archaic or dialectal, but preserved in several derived forms such as argeloos, argwaan etc.)
      • Afrikaans: erg
• Old High German: arg, arc, arga
  • Middle High German: arc
    • Alemannic German: arg, arig

      Swabian: arg

    • Bavarian: oarg
    • Central Franconian: ärch, arch (Moselle Franconian)

      Hunsrik: aarich

    • German: arg
    • Luxembourgish: uerg
    • Rhine Franconian:

      Palatine German: aarich, arch, arich

      Pennsylvania German: arig, arrig

    • → Medieval Latin: arga