Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yum-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *yüm-

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *jimüyi (“to close (eyes, mouth)”), Proto-Tungusic *ńim- (“to close (eyes)”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) See *yạŕ-.

Verb

*yum-

1. (transitive) to close, to shut (the eyes/mouth)

   Antonym: *ač- (“to open”)

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yımmaq
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yummaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: یوممق (yummak)
      • Turkish: yummak
      • Gagauz: yummaa
  • Turkmen: ýummak
  • Salar: yum
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yüm-)
    • Uzbek: yummoq
    • Uyghur: [script needed] (yummak)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: йомоу (yomow)
    • Tatar: йому (yomu)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: [script needed] (yum-)
    • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (jum-)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (yum-)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: jumi'w
      • Kazakh: жұму (jūmu)
      • Nogai: [script needed] (yum-)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: жумуу (jumuu)
      • Southern Altai: јумар (ǰumar)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: сим (sim)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yum-)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “**jüm- / *jum-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill