Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yak-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*yak-

1. (Common Turkic, intransitive) to come near, to approach

   Synonym: *yakïnla-

Conjugation

Conjugation of *yak- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*yakmak
participle	present		*yakgan, yakïgma, yakur
	past		*yaktuk, yakmïš
	future		*yaktačï, yakmakčï, yaksïk, yakačak
verbal noun			*yakma, yakïg, yakgu
way of doing			*yakïš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yakur ben	*yakur sen	*yakur	*yakur biz	*yakur siz	*yakur
	past	simple	*yaktïm	*yaktïŋ	*yaktï	*yaktïk, yaktïmïz	*yaktïŋïz	*yaktï
		inferential	*yakmïš ben	*yakmïš sen	*yakmïš	*yakmïš biz	*yakmïš siz	*yakmïš
	future	simple	*yaktačï ben, yakmakčï ben, yakačak ben	*yaktačï sen, yakmakčï sen, yakačak sen	*yaktačï, yakmakčï, yakačak	*yaktačï biz, yakmakčï biz, yakačak biz	*yaktačï siz, yakmakčï siz, yakačak siz	*yaktačï, yakmakčï, yakačak
		predictive	*yakgay ben	*yakgay sen	*yakgay	*yakgay biz	*yakgay siz	*yakgay
		necessitive	*yaksïkïm	*yaksïkïŋ	*yaksïk	*yaksïkïmïz	*yaksïkïŋïz	*yaksïk
conditional			*yaksam, yaksar ben	*yaksaŋ, yaksar sen	*yaksa, yaksar	*yaksak, yaksamïz, yaksar biz	*yaksaŋïz, yaksar siz	*yaksalar, yaksar
optative			*yakgay ben	*yakgay sen	*yakgay	*yakgay biz	*yakgay siz	*yakgay
progressive			*yakmakda ben	*yakmakda sen	*yakmakda	*yakmakda biz	*yakmakda siz	*yakmakda
necessitative			*yakmalïg ben	*yakmalïg sen	*yakmalïg	*yakmalïg biz	*yakmalïg siz	*yakmalïg
imperative			*yakayïn	*yak, yakgïl	*yakzun	*yakalïm	*yakïŋ	*yakzun
Negative
infinitive			*yakmamak
participle	present		*yakmagan, yakmagma, yakmaz
	past		*yakmaduk, yakmamïš
	future		*yakmačï, yakmasïk, yakmayačak
verbal noun			*yakmama, yakmag, yakmagu
way of doing			*yakmayïš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*yakmaz ben	*yakmaz sen	*yakmaz	*yakmaz biz	*yakmaz siz	*yakmaz
	past	simple	*yakmadïm	*yakmadïŋ	*yakmadï	*yakmadïk, yakmadïmïz	*yakmadïŋïz	*yakmadï
		inferential	*yakmamïš ben	*yakmamïš sen	*yakmamïš	*yakmamïš biz	*yakmamïš siz	*yakmamïš
	future	simple	*yakmačï ben, yakmayačak ben	*yakmačï sen, yakmayačak sen	*yakmačï, yakmayačak	*yakmačï biz, yakmayačak biz	*yakmačï siz, yakmayačak siz	*yakmačï, yakmayačak
		predictive	*yakmagay ben	*yakmagay sen	*yakmagay	*yakmagay biz	*yakmagay siz	*yakmagay
		necessitive	*yakmasïkïm	*yakmasïkïŋ	*yakmasïk	*yakmasïkïmïz	*yakmasïkïŋïz	*yakmasïk
conditional			*yakmasam, yakmasar ben	*yakmasaŋ, yakmasar sen	*yakmasa, yakmasar	*yakmasak, yakmasamïz, yakmasar biz	*yakmasaŋïz, yakmasar siz	*yakmasalar, yakmasar
optative			*yakmagay ben	*yakmagay sen	*yakmagay	*yakmagay biz	*yakmagay siz	*yakmagay
progressive			*yakmamakda ben	*yakmamakda sen	*yakmamakda	*yakmamakda biz	*yakmamakda siz	*yakmamakda
necessitative			*yakmamalïg ben	*yakmamalïg sen	*yakmamalïg	*yakmamalïg biz	*yakmamalïg siz	*yakmamalïg
imperative			*yakmayayïn	*yakma, yakmagïl	*yakmazun	*yakmayalïm	*yakmayïŋ	*yakmazun

Related terms

• *yạgu-

Derived terms

• Common Turkic: *yakïn (“close”)
• Common Turkic: *yakïš- (“to come near to each other, to pass, to fit”)
• Common Turkic: *yakšï (“good”)

Descendants

• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (yak-)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yak-)
  • North Siberian:
    • ⇒ Dolgan: чугас
    • ⇒ Yakut: чугас (cugas)

Verb

*yak-

1. (transitive) to burn

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ҫут (śut)

• Oghuz:
  • Azerbaijani: yaxmaq
  • Ottoman Turkish: یاقمق
    • Turkish: yakmak
  • Turkmen: ýakmak
• Karluk
  • Uyghur: ياقماق (yaqmaq)
• Kipchak
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: яғыу (yağıw)
    • Tatar: ягу (yagu)