Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tumšuk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Clauson derives this lemma from the "causative form" of *tam- (“to drip”), which would yield *tamur-. In another entry (page 509)[1], he gives two reflexes of this would-be causative verb, which would be cognates to this Proto-Turkic term; Old Uyghur [script needed] (kan tomurmakka, “nose bleeding”) and Karakhanid تُمُرْماقْ (tamurmāq, “to bleed (of nose)”), also Karakhanid تَمُرْغانْ (tamurğān, “bleeding continuously (of nose)”).

EDAL, instead, proposes a different root with quite a semantic coverage, Proto-Turkic *tum- ("hat, cap; snout; beak; nose) which is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *tom- (“chief, first”), Proto-Tungusic *tumŋu- (“top of head”) and Proto-Japonic *tum- (“top, head”). Notwithstanding several etymological mistakes (see Japanese 頭(つぶり) (tsuburi), for example, which is claimed as a "cognate"), Altaic Hypothesis is now widely discredited and its comparisons are deemed unreliable.

Noun

*tumšuk

1. nose

   Synonyms: *burun, *kaŋïr, *tāna

2. beak

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Ottoman Turkish: طومشوق (tumşuk, “beak”)
      • Turkish: tumşuk (“beak of large birds”)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: tumşuk (“snout”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumšuq, “beak”)
    • Uyghur: تۇمشۇق (tumshuq, “beak”)
    • Uzbek: tumshuq (“beak”)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: томшоҡ (tomşoq, “beak”)
    • Tatar: томшык (tomşıq, “beak”)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: тұмсық (tūmsyq, “beak”)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: тумшук (tumşuk, “beak”)
      • Southern Altai: тумчук (tumčuk, “nose, beak”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tumšuq, “nose, beak”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: тумус (tumus, “beak”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: думчук (dumçuk, “nose”)
    • Northern Altai::
      • Kumandy: тунчук (tunčuk)
      • Kuu-Kizhi: тунчук (tunčuk)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: тумзух (tumzux, “nose”)

References

• Dybo, Anna Vladimirovna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian). TOO - Prosper Print. p. 412.
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tumšuk”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 503, 509, 515-16
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tum-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill