Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tog-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tog-

1. (intransitive) to rise
2. (Common Turkic, intransitive) to be born

   Synonym: *törü-

3. (Proto-Bulgar, transitive) to do, make

   Synonyms: *ẹ̄t-, *yap-, *kïl-

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tog- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*togmak
participle	present		*toggan, togugma, togar
	past		*togduk, togmïš
	future		*togdačï, togmakčï, togsïk, togačak
verbal noun			*togma, togug, toggu
way of doing			*toguš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*togar ben	*togar sen	*togar	*togar biz	*togar siz	*togar
	past	simple	*togdum	*togduŋ	*togdï	*togduk, togdumuz	*togduŋuz	*togdï
		inferential	*togmïš ben	*togmïš sen	*togmïš	*togmïš biz	*togmïš siz	*togmïš
	future	simple	*togdačï ben, togmakčï ben, togačak ben	*togdačï sen, togmakčï sen, togačak sen	*togdačï, togmakčï, togačak	*togdačï biz, togmakčï biz, togačak biz	*togdačï siz, togmakčï siz, togačak siz	*togdačï, togmakčï, togačak
		predictive	*toggay ben	*toggay sen	*toggay	*toggay biz	*toggay siz	*toggay
		necessitive	*togsukum	*togsukuŋ	*togsuk	*togsukumuz	*togsukuŋuz	*togsuk
conditional			*togsam, togsar ben	*togsaŋ, togsar sen	*togsa, togsar	*togsak, togsamïz, togsar biz	*togsaŋïz, togsar siz	*togsalar, togsar
optative			*toggay ben	*toggay sen	*toggay	*toggay biz	*toggay siz	*toggay
progressive			*togmakda ben	*togmakda sen	*togmakda	*togmakda biz	*togmakda siz	*togmakda
necessitative			*togmalïg ben	*togmalïg sen	*togmalïg	*togmalïg biz	*togmalïg siz	*togmalïg
imperative			*togayïn	*tog, toggïl	*togzun	*togalïm	*toguŋ	*togzun
Negative
infinitive			*togmamak
participle	present		*togmagan, togmagma, togmaz
	past		*togmaduk, togmamïš
	future		*togmačï, togmasïk, togmayačak
verbal noun			*togmama, togmag, togmagu
way of doing			*togmayuš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*togmaz ben	*togmaz sen	*togmaz	*togmaz biz	*togmaz siz	*togmaz
	past	simple	*togmadum	*togmaduŋ	*togmadï	*togmaduk, togmadumuz	*togmaduŋuz	*togmadï
		inferential	*togmamïš ben	*togmamïš sen	*togmamïš	*togmamïš biz	*togmamïš siz	*togmamïš
	future	simple	*togmačï ben, togmayačak ben	*togmačï sen, togmayačak sen	*togmačï, togmayačak	*togmačï biz, togmayačak biz	*togmačï siz, togmayačak siz	*togmačï, togmayačak
		predictive	*togmagay ben	*togmagay sen	*togmagay	*togmagay biz	*togmagay siz	*togmagay
		necessitive	*togmasukum	*togmasukuŋ	*togmasuk	*togmasukumuz	*togmasukuŋuz	*togmasuk
conditional			*togmasam, togmasar ben	*togmasaŋ, togmasar sen	*togmasa, togmasar	*togmasak, togmasamïz, togmasar biz	*togmasaŋïz, togmasar siz	*togmasalar, togmasar
optative			*togmagay ben	*togmagay sen	*togmagay	*togmagay biz	*togmagay siz	*togmagay
progressive			*togmamakda ben	*togmamakda sen	*togmamakda	*togmamakda biz	*togmamakda siz	*togmamakda
necessitative			*togmamalïg ben	*togmamalïg sen	*togmamalïg	*togmamalïg biz	*togmamalïg siz	*togmamalïg
imperative			*togmayayïn	*togma, togmagïl	*togmazun	*togmayalïm	*togmayïŋ	*togmazun

Derived terms

• ⇒ *tog-ur- (“to raise; give birth to”)
• ⇒ *tog-un- (“to rise”)
• ⇒ *tog-un (“relative”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • >? Bulgar: طن
    • >? Chuvash: ту (tu, “to do, make”)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: toğmaq
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: طُوغْمَقْ
    • Azerbaijani: doğmaq
    • Gagauz: duumaa
    • Ottoman Turkish: طوغمق
      • Turkish: doğmak
  • Salar: doğğusı
  • Turkmen: dogmak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tog-)
    • Chagatai:
      • Uyghur: تۇغۇلماق (tughulmaq)
      • Uzbek: tugʻilmoq
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (tuv-)
    • Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tuv-)
    • Karaim: [script needed] (tuv-)
    • Kumyk: [script needed] (tuv-)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: тыуыу (tıwıw)
    • Tatar: туырга (tuwırga), туу (tuwu), тудыру (tudıru)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: [script needed] (tuv-)
      • Kazakh: туу (tuu)
      • Nogai: [script needed] (tuv-)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: туулуу (tuuluu)
      • Southern Altai: туур (tuur), туулар (tuular)
• Siberian:
  • ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴 (toɣsïq)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tog-)
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (toɣ-)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 465
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “doğmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 483
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 245