Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kuš

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kuš

(Common Turkic) bird
Synonyms: *kẹyik, *sïb-čuk
(Siberian Turkic) duck

Declension

Declension of *kuš

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*kuš
Accusative	kušug, kušnï¹⁾
Genitive	*kušnuŋ
Dative	*kuška
Locative	*kušda
Ablative	*kušdan
Allative	*kušgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*kušun
Equative ²⁾	*kušča
Similative ²⁾	*kušlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*kušlugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: quş
    - → Khalaj: quş (“sparrow”)
  - Ottoman Turkish: قوش (kuş)
    - Gagauz: kuş
    - Turkish: kuş
- Turkmen: guş
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (quš)
  - Chagatai: قوش (quš)
    - ⇒ Chagatai: [script needed] (quš parvana, “moth”)
    - Uzbek: qush
    - Uyghur: قۇش (qush)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡош (qoş)
  - Tatar: кош (qoş)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: quş
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: qus
  - Kazakh: құс (qūs)
  - Nogai: кус (kus)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: куш (kuş)
  - Southern Altai: куш (kuš)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰆𐰽 (kuş)
- Old Uyghur: kwš (kuš)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: кус (kus, “duck”)
  - Dolgan: кус (“duck”)
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Chulym: қус (qus, “bird with (улуғ)”)
    - Khakas: хус (xus)
    - Shor: қуш (quš)
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: ӄуъш (qu"š, “wood grouse”)
    - Tuvan: куш (kuş)
  - Western Yugur: qus
  - Northern Altai: куш (kuš)

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ï̄t	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kuš”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 670
Dybo, Anna Vladimirovna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian), TOO - Prosper Print, pages 137-38.
Räsänen, Martti (1969) “kuš”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 305
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill