Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/koyug

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *końug (per Räsänen)

Reconstruction notes

The reconstruction of *koń- is proposed by Räsänen, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization, Old Turkic and Yakut evidence does not support it.

Etymology

From *koyu- (“to become viscous, thick”) +‎ *-g.

Adjective

*koyug

1. thick, saturated

   Synonyms: *kalïŋ, *yogan

   Antonym: *yiŋčge

Descendants

• Oghur:
• Common Turkic:

• Proto-Oghuz: *goyuɣ
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: qoyu
    • Azerbaijani: قویوق (balloon) (Iran)
    • Ottoman Turkish: قویو (koyu)
      • Turkish: koyu
      • → Armenian: խօյի (xōyi), կույի (kuyi)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: goýy
• Karluk:
  • Uyghur: قويۇق (qoyuq)
  • Uzbek: quyuq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡуйы (quyı)
    • Tatar: куе (quye)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qoyu
    • Karachay-Balkar: къою (qoyu)
    • Karaim: koju
    • Kumyk: къою (qoyu)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Nogai: койы (koyı)
    • Kazakh: қою (qoü)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: коюу (koyuu)
    • Southern Altai: койу (koyu)
• Siberian:
  • Siberian Tatar: ҡуйы (quyï)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: койуу (koyuu)
    • Yakut: хойуу (qoyuu)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: хоюг (xoyug)
      • Tofa: [script needed] (konьug)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хойығ (xoyığ)
      • Shor: қойуғ (qoyuğ)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 676
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, pages 32-33
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*koyug”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 562