Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kiši

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

It can also be reconstructed as *kiĺi, only if it is related to Evenki илэ (ilə, “person”).

Noun

*kiši (Common Turkic)

1. person

Declension

Declension of *kiši (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*kiši	*kišiler
accusative
genitive	*kišiniŋ	*kišilerniŋ
dative	*kišike	*kišilerke
locative	*kišide	*kišilerde
ablative	*kišiden	*kišilerden
instrumental1)		*kišilerin
equative1)	*kišiče	*kišilerče

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: kişi (“woman”)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: كشی
    • Azerbaijani: kişi (“man”)
    • Ottoman Turkish: كشی, كیشی (kişi), քիշի (kişi) — Armeno-Turkish
      • Gagauz: kişi
      • Turkish: kişi
  • Salar: kiş
  • Turkmen: kişi
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid:
    • Chagatai: كىشى
      • Uzbek: kishi
      • Uyghur: كىشى (kishi)
• Kipchak:
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: киши (kişi)
    • Southern Altai: кижи (kiži)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: кеше (keşe)
    • Tatar: кеше (keşe)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: кісі (kısı)
    • Karakalpak: киси
    • Nogai: киси (kisi)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: kişi
    • Kumyk: гиши (gişi)
    • Karachay-Balkar: киши (kişi)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃 (kiši)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kiši)
      • Western Yugur: kïsï
  • Yakut-Dolgan:
    • Dolgan: киһи
    • Yakut: киһи (kihi)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: киши
      • Tuvan: кижи (kiji)
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: кижи
      • Khakas: кізі (kìzì)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiĺi”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill