Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köyŋelek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Likely related to Proto-Turkic *köyŋ-il (“heart; mood”).

Noun

*köyŋelek

1. shirt

Declension

Declension of *köyŋelek

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*köyŋelek
Accusative	*köyŋelekig, *köyŋelekni1)
Genitive	*köyŋelekniŋ
Dative	*köyŋelekke
Locative	*köyŋelekde
Ablative	*köyŋelekden
Allative	*köyŋelekgerü
Instrumental 2)	*köyŋelekin
Equative 2)	*köyŋelekče
Similative 2)	*köyŋelekleyü
Comitative 2)	*köyŋelekligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: köynək
    • Gagauz: gölmek
    • Ottoman Turkish: گوملك (gömlek)
      • Turkish: gömlek, (provincial) köynek, (provincial) göynek
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: köýnek
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak–Cuman:
    • Crimean Tatar: кольмек, kölmek, (Northern) kölekse
    • Karachay-Balkar: кёлек (kölek)
    • Karaim: кӧльмак, кӧльмэк
    • Kumyk: гёлек (gölek)
    • Urum: гӧльмек, кӧльмек
  • Kipchak–Bulgar:
    • Bashkir: күлдәк (küldək)
    • Tatar: күлмәк (külmäk)
  • Kipchak–Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: көйлек
    • Kazakh: көйлек (köilek)
    • Nogai: коьйлек (köylek)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: көйнөк (köynök)
    • Southern Altai: кӱнек (künek)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: کُنکْلَکْ (köŋlek)
    • Chagatai: كونگلاك (köŋlek), كویناك (köynek)
      • Uyghur: كۆينەك (köynek)
      • Uzbek: koʻylak
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: кӧгенек
      • Shor: кӱнек
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хөйлең (xöyleñ)