Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yōk

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yok

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Likely from *yō- (“to destroy”) +‎ *-k, compare *yōd- (“to destroy”) from the same hypothetical root.

Predicative

*yōk

1. there is not
2. no

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Old Chuvash: *śåχ
    • Middle Chuvash: *śåχ
      • Viryal: ҫок (śok)
      • Anatri: ҫук (śuk)
• Common Turkic: *yōk

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yôq
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yox
    • Ottoman Turkish: یوق (yok)
      • Gagauz: yok
      • Turkish: yok (yoğ-)
      • → Macedonian: јок (jok)
      • → Romanian: ioc
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: јок

        Latin script: jok

  • Salar: yox
  • Turkmen: ýōk (ýōg-)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: یُوقْ (yōq)
    • Chagatai: يوق (yoq)
      • Uyghur: يوق (yoq)
      • Uzbek: yo'q
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: юҡ (yuq)
    • Tatar: юк (yuk)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: ёкъ (yoq)
    • Karachay-Balkar: джокъ (coq)
    • Crimean Tatar: yoq
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: joq
      • Kazakh: жоқ (joq)
      • Nogai: йок (yok)
    • Eastern Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: жок (jok)
      • Southern Altai: јок (ǰok)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰸 (yoq)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yok)
      • Western Yugur: ǯoq
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: суох (suoq)
    • Dolgan: һуок (huok)
  • Yenisei Turkic:
    • Khakas: чох (çox)
    • Shor: чок
  • Sayan Turkic:
    • Tofa: чоӄ (çoq)
    • Tuvan: чок (çok)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yo:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 895
• Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎^[1], volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 257
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yok”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 205
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, pages 211-213
• Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎^[2] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 178