Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/erk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *erke. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*erk

Declension

Declension of *erk

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*erk
Accusative	erkig, erkni¹⁾
Genitive	*erkniŋ
Dative	*erkke
Locative	*erkde
Ablative	*erkden
Allative	*erkgerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*erkin
Equative ²⁾	*erkče
Similative ²⁾	*erkleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*erkligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*erk-in (“free”)
*erk-lig (“evil god in Turkic myth; authoritative”)
*erk-siŕ (“unauthoritative”)

Descendants

→? Proto-Mongolic: *erke
- Mongolian: эрх (erx)
- → Tuvan: эрге (erge)
Oghur:
- → Hungarian: erő

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: ərk
  - Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (erk)
    - Turkish: erk
- Turkmen: erk
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (erk)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (érk)
    - ⇒ Uyghur: ئەركىن (erkin)
    - Uzbek: erk
Kypchak:
- North Kypchak:
  - Bashkir: ирек (irek)
  - Tatar: ирек (irek)
  - → Chuvash: ирĕк (irĕk)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kipchak-Nogai:
    - Karakalpak: erik
    - Kazakh: ерік (erık)
    - Nogai: эрк (érk)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: эрк (erk), эрик (erik)
    - Southern Altai: эрик (erik)
- West Kipchak:
  - ⇒ Crimean Tatar: erkin
  - ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: эркин (erkin)
  - ⇒ Kumyk: эркин (erkin)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰼𐰚 (r²k /⁠erk⁠/), 𐰼𐰃𐰚 (r²ik /⁠erik⁠/)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (erk)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 220