Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/balčïk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *balkčïk, *balkač, *balkïč

Etymology

Cognate with *balïk, whence Arghu بَلِقْ (balıq, “mud”) and Old Turkic 𐰉𐰞𐰃𐰶 (balïq). Nişanyan suggests that *bālïk (“fish”) is also related, compare *siāŕgan (“carp”) for semantic development. Sevortjan suggests the root for all of them is *bạl (“honey”) which he supposes comes from an earlier meaning "viscous liquid". Some of the Kipchak and Siberian reflexes show a metathesis to *balkïč. Some academicians such as Hasan Eren, Nedim Tuna and Yasemin Bulut claim *balkač as the archaic form and reflexes show a metathesis to *balčak and *balčïk. Ananiasz Zajaczkowski suggests *balkčïk.

Noun

*balčïk

1. mud

   Synonym: *čalmur

Declension

Declension of *balčïk

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*balčïk
Accusative	*balčïkïg, *balčïknï1)
Genitive	*balčïknïŋ
Dative	*balčïkka
Locative	*balčïkda
Ablative	*balčïkdan
Allative	*balčïkgaru
Instrumental 2)	*balčïkïn
Equative 2)	*balčïkča
Similative 2)	*balčïklayu
Comitative 2)	*balčïklïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz: بَلْجِقْ (balçıq)
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (balçuk)
    • Azerbaijani: palçıq
      • → Khalaj: palçoq, palçuq
      • → Lezgi: палчух (palčuχ)
    • Ottoman Turkish: بالچيٖق (balçıq), بالچق (balçıq)
      • Gagauz: balçık
      • Turkish: balçık
  • Salar: palçıq
  • Turkmen: palçyk
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (palçığ)
    • Uyghur: بالچۇق (balchuq)
    • Uzbek: balchiq
• Kipchak: [script needed] (balçık), [script needed] (balçuk), [script needed] (balşık)
  • Cuman: balçuc
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: балсыҡ (balsıq).
    • Tatar: балчык (balçıq)
    • → Chuvash: пылчăк (pylčăk), пулчăк (pulčăk)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: balçıq
    • Kumyk: балчыкь (balçıkʹ)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: балшық (balşyq), балқаш (balqaş)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: балчык (balcık), балкыч (balkıc)
      • Southern Altai: палгаш (palgaš)
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: малгаш (malgaş)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: палгас (palgas), палчах (palçax)
      • Shor: палғаш
• → Proto-Mongolic: *balcig

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 333
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 379, 467
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “balçık”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, page 110
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 60
• M. Selda Çoban (2005) Divanu Lugati`t-Türk'te geçen "Oğuzca" kayıtlı dil malzemesi (Thesis)‎^[3], Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, page 59