Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ček-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*ček-

(transitive) to line through
(transitive) to draw blood
(transitive) to tighten
(transitive) to suffer (a bad feeling)
(transitive) to smoke
Synonym: *tart-
(transitive) to weigh
Synonym: *tart-
(Arghu Turkic, Oghuz Turkic, transitive) to pull toward oneself
Synonyms: *tart-, *südre-

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ček- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive

infinitive			*čekmek
participle	present		*čekgen, čekigme, čeker
	past		*čekdük, čekmiš
	future		*čekdeči, čekmekči, čeksik, čekeček
verbal noun			*čekme, čekig, čekgü
way of doing			*čekiš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*čeker ben	*čeker sen	*čeker	*čeker biz	*čeker siz	*čeker
	past	simple	*čekdim	*čekdiŋ	*čekdi	*čekdik, čekdimiz	*čekdiŋiz	*čekdi
	past	inferential	*čekmiš ben	*čekmiš sen	*čekmiš	*čekmiš biz	*čekmiš siz	*čekmiš
	future	simple	*čekdeči ben, čekmekči ben, čekeček ben	*čekdeči sen, čekmekči sen, čekeček sen	*čekdeči, čekmekči, čekeček	*čekdeči biz, čekmekči biz, čekeček biz	*čekdeči siz, čekmekči siz, čekeček siz	*čekdeči, čekmekči, čekeček
		predictive	*čekgey ben	*čekgey sen	*čekgey	*čekgey biz	*čekgey siz	*čekgey
		necessitive	*čeksikim	*čeksikiŋ	*čeksik	*čeksikimiz	*čeksikiŋiz	*čeksik
conditional			*čeksem, čekser ben	*čekseŋ, čekser sen	*čekse, čekser	*čeksek, čeksemiz, čekser biz	*čekseŋiz, čekser siz	*čekseler, čekser
optative			*čekgey ben	*čekgey sen	*čekgey	*čekgey biz	*čekgey siz	*čekgey
progressive			*čekmekde ben	*čekmekde sen	*čekmekde	*čekmekde biz	*čekmekde siz	*čekmekde
necessitative			*čekmelig ben	*čekmelig sen	*čekmelig	*čekmelig biz	*čekmelig siz	*čekmelig
imperative			*čekeyin	*ček, čekgil	*čekzün	*čekelim	*čekiŋ	*čekzün

Negative

infinitive			*čekmemek
participle	present		*čekmegen, čekmegme, čekmez
	past		*čekmedük, čekmemiš
	future		*čekmeči, čekmesik, čekmeyeček
verbal noun			*čekmeme, čekmeg, čekmegü
way of doing			*čekmeyiš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*čekmez ben	*čekmez sen	*čekmez	*čekmez biz	*čekmez siz	*čekmez
	past	simple	*čekmedim	*čekmediŋ	*čekmedi	*čekmedik, čekmedimiz	*čekmediŋiz	*čekmedi
	past	inferential	*čekmemiš ben	*čekmemiš sen	*čekmemiš	*čekmemiš biz	*čekmemiš siz	*čekmemiš
	future	simple	*čekmeči ben, čekmeyeček ben	*čekmeči sen, čekmeyeček sen	*čekmeči, čekmeyeček	*čekmeči biz, čekmeyeček biz	*čekmeči siz, čekmeyeček siz	*čekmeči, čekmeyeček
		predictive	*čekmegey ben	*čekmegey sen	*čekmegey	*čekmegey biz	*čekmegey siz	*čekmegey
		necessitive	*čekmesikim	*čekmesikiŋ	*čekmesik	*čekmesikimiz	*čekmesikiŋiz	*čekmesik
conditional			*čekmesem, čekmeser ben	*čekmeseŋ, čekmeser sen	*čekmese, čekmeser	*čekmesek, čekmesemiz, čekmeser biz	*čekmeseŋiz, čekmeser siz	*čekmeseler, čekmeser
optative			*čekmegey ben	*čekmegey sen	*čekmegey	*čekmegey biz	*čekmegey siz	*čekmegey
progressive			*čekmemekde ben	*čekmemekde sen	*čekmemekde	*čekmemekde biz	*čekmemekde siz	*čekmemekde
necessitative			*čekmemelig ben	*čekmemelig sen	*čekmemelig	*čekmemelig biz	*čekmemelig siz	*čekmemelig
imperative			*čekmeyeyin	*čekme, čekmegil	*čekmezün	*čekmeyelim	*čekmeyiŋ	*čekmezün

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫак (śak, “to hang”)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: çəkmək
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: چَكْمَكْ (çäkmäk)
  - Ajem Turkic:
    - Azerbaijani: çəkmək
    - Qashqai: چكمك
  - Gagauz: çekmää
  - Ottoman Turkish: چكمك (çekmek)
    - Turkish: çekmek
    - →? Crimean Tatar: çekmek
- Salar: çikgüsi
- Turkmen: çekmek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: جَكْماكْ (“çekmēk”)^[1]
  - Uyghur: چەكمەك (chekmek)
  - Uzbek: chekmoq
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: шегу (şegu)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: чегүү (cegüü)

References

^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 21

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 413
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çekmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 102

[1] -Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 21

[1]