Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xorna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Disputed:

Martynov: Borrowed from Proto-Iranian, whence Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛar^əna, “food”); perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to devour; to swell”). Doubted by Vasmer.
Berneker: Native, derived from Proto-Indo-European *serh₂- (“to sustain”) (whence Latin servō (“to serve”), Sanskrit सर्वथा (sarvathā, “entirety”)). Originally meaning “sustenance”. Initial *x- is explained as a result of levelling from forms such *prixorniti, *uxorniti which were subject to RUKI-rule.
Mladenov: Native, from an earlier *skornā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to chop”) (whence Latin carō (“flesh”)). Originally meaning “portion”.

Derksen (EDSIL) and Trubačev (ESSJa) tend to favour the first hypothesis. Snoj prefers the second.

Noun

*xornà f^[1]^[2]

food
fodder

Declension

Declension of *xōrnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xōrnà	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ
genitive	*xōrnỳ	*xōrnù	*xõrnъ
dative	*xōrně̀	*xōrnàma	*xōrnàmъ
accusative	*xōrnǫ̀	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ
instrumental	xōrnòjǫ, xõrnǫ^**	*xōrnàma	*xōrnàmī
locative	*xōrně̀	*xōrnù	xōrnàsъ, xōrnàxъ^*
vocative	*xorno	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*xorniti (iterative)
*xorniteľь (agent noun)
*xornьba (abstract noun)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: хоро́на (xoróna)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Church Slavonic: храна (xrana)
- Bulgarian: храна́ (hraná)
- Macedonian: хра́на (hrána), ра́на (rána)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: хра́на
  
  Latin script: hrána
- Slovene: hrána (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: chrana (rare)
- Kashubian: charna, chôrna
- Old Polish: chrona
  - Polish: charna (dialectal)
- Polabian: xornă
- Slovincian: chorna

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: hrană

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xorna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 204: “f. ā ‘food, fodder’”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hrána”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*xorna̋”