Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xorna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Disputed:

• Martynov: Borrowed from Proto-Iranian, whence Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛar^əna, “food”); perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to devour; to swell”). Doubted by Vasmer.
• Berneker: Native, derived from Proto-Indo-European *serh₂- (“to sustain”) (whence Latin servō (“to serve”), Sanskrit सर्वथा (sarvathā, “entirety”)). Originally meaning “sustenance”. Initial *x- is explained as a result of levelling from forms such *prixorniti, *uxorniti which were subject to RUKI-rule.
• Mladenov: Native, from an earlier *skornā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to chop”) (whence Latin carō (“flesh”)). Originally meaning “portion”.

Derksen (EDSIL) and Trubačev (ESSJa) tend to favour the first hypothesis. Snoj prefers the second.

Noun

*xornà f

1. food
2. fodder

Declension

Declension of *xōrnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xōrnà	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ
genitive	*xōrnỳ	*xōrnù	*xõrnъ
dative	*xōrně̀	*xōrnàma	*xōrnàmъ
accusative	*xōrnǫ̀	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ
instrumental	*xōrnòjǫ, *xõrnǫ**	*xōrnàma	*xōrnàmī
locative	*xōrně̀	*xōrnù	*xōrnàsъ, *xōrnàxъ*
vocative	*xorno	*xõrně	*xōrnỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *xorniti (iterative)
• *xorniteľь (agent noun)
• *xornьba (abstract noun)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: хоро́на (xoróna)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:
    • Church Slavonic: храна (xrana)
  • Bulgarian: храна́ (hraná)
  • Macedonian: хра́на (hrána), ра́на (rána)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: хра́на

    Latin script: hrána

  • Slovene: hrána (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: chrana (rare)
  • Kashubian: charna, chôrna
  • Old Polish: chrona
    • Polish: charna (dialectal)
  • Polabian: xornă
  • Slovincian: chorna

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: hrană

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хорона”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xorna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 76