Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьrgnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *vьrg- (“to throw”) +‎ *-nǫti.

Verb

*vьrgnǫti

1. to throw

Inflection

Conjugation of *vьrgnǫti, *vьrže, *vьrgnetь (perf., -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*vьrženьje	*vьrgnǫti	*vьrgnǫtъ	*vьrglъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*vьrženъ	—
Active	*vьrgъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*vьrg(ox)ъ	*vьrže	*vьrže	*vьrgnǫ	*vьrgneši	*vьrgnetь
Dual	*vьrg(ox)ově	*vьrg(e/os)ta	*vьrg(e/os)te	*vьrgnevě	*vьrgneta	*vьrgnete
Plural	*vьrg(ox)omъ	*vьrg(e/os)te	*vьrgǫ, *vьrgošę	*vьrgnemъ	*vьrgnete	*vьrgnǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*vьrgni	*vьrgni
Dual	—	—	—	*vьrgněvě	*vьrgněta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*vьrgněmъ	*vьrgněte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *vьrgeste ⇒ *vьržeste, ...
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Related terms

• *verťi (“to throw”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: вьргнѫти (vĭrgnǫti), вьргнути (vĭrgnuti)
    • Russian: -ве́ргнуть (-vérgnutʹ), e.g. отве́ргнуть (otvérgnutʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ве́ргнути (vérhnuty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: врьгнѫти (vrĭgnǫti)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вр̏гнути

    Latin script: vȑgnuti

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: vrhnúti
    • Czech: vrhnout
      • Moravian (Mistřice): vrhnút
  • Old Polish: wierzgnąć
    • Polish: wierzgnąć, wiergnąć
  • Slovak: vrhnúť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-вергнуть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress