Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vъtorъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Proto-Slavic numbers ^(edit)

←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: *dъva     Ordinal: *vъtorъ     Adverbial: *dъva šьdy, *dъvojьťi, *dъva kortь     Multiplier: *dъvojakъ, *dъvojьnъ, *dъva kortьnъ, *dъvogubъ     Collective: *dъvojь     Fractional: *polъ, *polovina

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *witaras, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)witoros. Cognate with Sanskrit वितरम् (vitarám, “again, further”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (vītar^əm, “further”).

Alternatively, from an older *vъntorъ (where the first part comes from Proto-Slavic *vъn), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ántaras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. In this case, cognate with Latvian otrs, Lithuanian añtras, añtaras (dialectal), Old Prussian antars.

Adjective

*vъtorъ

1. second, secondary

Declension

Indefinite declension of *vъtorъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtorъ	*vъtora	*vъtoro
genitive	*vъtora	*vъtory	*vъtora
dative	*vъtoru	*vъtorě	*vъtoru
accusative	*vъtorъ	*vъtorǫ	*vъtoro
instrumental	*vъtoromь	*vъtorojǫ	*vъtoromь
locative	*vъtorě	*vъtorě	*vъtorě
vocative	*vъtore	*vъtoro	*vъtoro
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtora	*vъtorě	*vъtorě
genitive	*vъtoru	*vъtoru	*vъtoru
dative	*vъtoroma	*vъtorama	*vъtoroma
accusative	*vъtora	*vъtorě	*vъtorě
instrumental	*vъtoroma	*vъtorama	*vъtoroma
locative	*vъtoru	*vъtoru	*vъtoru
vocative	*vъtora	*vъtorě	*vъtorě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtori	*vъtory	*vъtora
genitive	*vъtorъ	*vъtorъ	*vъtorъ
dative	*vъtoromъ	*vъtoramъ	*vъtoromъ
accusative	*vъtory	*vъtory	*vъtora
instrumental	*vъtory	*vъtorami	*vъtory
locative	*vъtorěxъ	*vъtoraxъ	*vъtorěxъ
vocative	*vъtori	*vъtory	*vъtora

Definite declension of *vъtorъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtorъjь	*vъtoraja	*vъtoroje
genitive	*vъtorajego	*vъtoryję̇	*vъtorajego
dative	*vъtorujemu	*vъtorěji	*vъtorujemu
accusative	*vъtorъjь	*vъtorǫjǫ	*vъtoroje
instrumental	*vъtoryjimь	*vъtorǫjǫ	*vъtoryjimь
locative	*vъtorějemь	*vъtorěji	*vъtorějemь
vocative	*vъtorъjь	*vъtoraja	*vъtoroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtoraja	*vъtorěji	*vъtorěji
genitive	*vъtoruju	*vъtoruju	*vъtoruju
dative	*vъtoryjima	*vъtoryjima	*vъtoryjima
accusative	*vъtoraja	*vъtorěji	*vъtorěji
instrumental	*vъtoryjima	*vъtoryjima	*vъtoryjima
locative	*vъtoruju	*vъtoruju	*vъtoruju
vocative	*vъtoraja	*vъtorěji	*vъtorěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*vъtoriji	*vъtoryję̇	*vъtoraja
genitive	*vъtorъjixъ	*vъtorъjixъ	*vъtorъjixъ
dative	*vъtoryjimъ	*vъtoryjimъ	*vъtoryjimъ
accusative	*vъtoryję̇	*vъtoryję̇	*vъtoraja
instrumental	*vъtoryjimi	*vъtoryjimi	*vъtoryjimi
locative	*vъtoryjixъ	*vъtoryjixъ	*vъtoryjixъ
vocative	*vъtoriji	*vъtoryję̇	*vъtoraja

Derived terms

• *vъtorьnikъ (“Tuesday”)
• *vъtorъkъ (“Tuesday”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)
    • ⇒ Belarusian: паўтара́ць (paŭtarácʹ)
    • Russian: второ́й (vtorój)
    • Ukrainian: вто́рий (vtóryj)
  • Old Novgorodian: *въторе (*vŭtore)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰲⱏⱅⱁⱃⱏ (vŭtorŭ)

  • Bulgarian: вто́ри (vtóri)
  • Macedonian: втор (vtor)
  • Slovene: vtóri (tonal orthography)
  • Serbo-Croatian: utorak
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: úterý (“Tuesday”), vterý (archaic)
  • Polabian: törĕ
  • Old Polish: wtóry
    • Polish: wtóry (archaic)
  • Slovak: utorok (“Tuesday”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wutory

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “второ́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress