Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tratiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Causative from *trata +‎ *-iti, likely akin to Lithuanian trótinti (“to tease, to agitate”), Samogitian trúotas (“grindstone”), Latvian trũots (“grindstone”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þrōþjan, “to exercise”) (Proto-Germanic *þrōþijaną).

Commonly compared with *terti (“to rub”) from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to twist”). Phonetically more compatible with Proto-Indo-European *treh₃- (“to harm, to gnaw”) (whence Ancient Greek τῐτρώσκω (titrṓskō, “to hurt”)).

Verb

*tra̋titi impf

1. (perhaps originally) to shatter, to wreck, to crumble
2. (figurative) to waste, to lose

   Synonym: *xabiti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tratiti, *trati, *tratitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*traťenьje	*tratiti	*tratitъ	*tratilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*traťenъ	*tratimъ
Active	*traťь	*tratę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tratixъ	*trati	*trati	*traťǫ	*tratiši	*tratitь
Dual	*tratixově	*tratista	*tratiste	*trativě	*tratita	*tratite
Plural	*tratixomъ	*tratiste	*tratišę	*tratimъ	*tratite	*tratętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*traťaaxъ	*traťaaše	*traťaaše	—	*trati	*trati
Dual	*traťaaxově	*traťaašeta	*traťaašete	*trativě	*tratita	—
Plural	*traťaaxomъ	*traťaašete	*traťaaxǫ	*tratimъ	*tratite	—

Notes:
• (*)*trativъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

• *tratati (“to prosecute”) (a/j-conj.)
• *trata (“wreckage, waste”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: тра́ціць (trácicʹ)
  • Russian: тра́тить (trátitʹ)
  • Ukrainian: тра́тити (trátyty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: тратити (tratiti)

    Glagolitic script: ⱅⱃⰰⱅⰻⱅⰻ (tratiti)

  • Bulgarian: тра́тя (trátja) (obsolete)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: тра̏тити

    Latin script: trȁtiti

  • Slovene: trátiti
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: tratiti
    • Czech: tratit
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): tratit
      • Moravian (Mistřice): traťit
  • Old Polish: tracić
    • Polish: tracić
  • Slovak: tratiť

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Lithuanian: trõtyti (“to waste”)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “трата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• “truotas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012