Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъlmačiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *tъlmáčь +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*tъlmačiti

1. (transitive, intransitive) to interpret, to translate

   Synonyms: *perklasti, *pervesti

2. (transitive) to explain

Inflection

Conjugation of *tъlmačiti, *tъlmači, *tъlmačitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tъlmačenьje	*tъlmačiti	*tъlmačitъ	*tъlmačilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tъlmačenъ	*tъlmačimъ
Active	*tъlmačь	*tъlmačę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъlmačixъ	*tъlmači	*tъlmači	*tъlmačǫ	*tъlmačiši	*tъlmačitь
Dual	*tъlmačixově	*tъlmačista	*tъlmačiste	*tъlmačivě	*tъlmačita	*tъlmačite
Plural	*tъlmačixomъ	*tъlmačiste	*tъlmačišę	*tъlmačimъ	*tъlmačite	*tъlmačętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tъlmačaaxъ	*tъlmačaaše	*tъlmačaaše	—	*tъlmači	*tъlmači
Dual	*tъlmačaaxově	*tъlmačaašeta	*tъlmačaašete	*tъlmačivě	*tъlmačita	—
Plural	*tъlmačaaxomъ	*tъlmačaašete	*tъlmačaaxǫ	*tъlmačimъ	*tъlmačite	—

Notes:
• (*)*tъlmačivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: тълмачити (tŭlmačiti)
    • Russian: толма́чить (tolmáčitʹ)
    • Ukrainian: товма́чити (tovmáčyty)
• South Slavic
  • Macedonian: то́лмачи (tólmači) (archaic)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: тума́чити

    Latin script: tumáčiti

  • Slovene: tolmáčiti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic
  • Old Czech: tlumačiti
    • Czech: tlumočit
  • Kashubian: tłomaczëc, tłómaczëc
  • Old Polish: tłumaczyć
    • Polish: tłumaczyć
      • → Belarusian: тлума́чыць (tlumáčycʹ)
      • → Ukrainian: тлума́чити (tlumáčyty)
  • Slovak: tlmočiť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: tołmačić

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: tălmăci

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “толма́ч”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress