Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęžati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the remodelled stative (so-called "essive" in LIV) Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingēˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ- (“to pull, to burden”). Cognate with Lithuanian tingė́ti (“to be lazy”). In most daughter languages, this verb has been superseded by the similar denominal causative Proto-Slavic *tęžiti (“to weigh”).

Survives in derivatives like Proto-Slavic *sъtęžati (“to gain”), Proto-Slavic *otęžati (“to wrap, to fasten”), Proto-Slavic *protęžati (“to span”).

Verb

*tęžati impf

1. to weigh, to burden

Inflection

Conjugation of *tęžati, *tęža, *tęžitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tęžanьje	*tęžati	*tęžatъ	*tęžalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tęžanъ	*tęžimъ
Active	*tęžavъ	*tęžę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęžaxъ	*tęža	*tęža	*tęžǫ	*tęžiši	*tęžitь
Dual	*tęžaxově	*tęžasta	*tęžaste	*tęživě	*tęžita	*tęžite
Plural	*tęžaxomъ	*tęžaste	*tęžašę	*tęžimъ	*tęžite	*tęžętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęžaaxъ	*tęžaaše	*tęžaaše	—	*tęži	*tęži
Dual	*tęžaaxově	*tęžaašeta	*tęžaašete	*tęživě	*tęžita	—
Plural	*tęžaaxomъ	*tęžaašete	*tęžaaxǫ	*tęžimъ	*tęžite	—

Related terms

• *tęgti, *tędzati (“to pull”)
• *tęžьkъ (“heavy”)
• *tęžestь (“wight”)
• *tǫga (“sadness, burden”)
• *tǫgъ (“tight, solid, tough”)

Derived terms

• *tęžava (“wight”)
• *težalivъ (“heavy, severe”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: сътѧжати (sŭtęžati)
  • Bulgarian: те́жа (téža) (partially)
  • Macedonian: тежи (teži) (partially)

Further reading

• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “тежа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 889