Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skvьrna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Latin squarrosus (“scurfy”).

Noun

*skvьrna f

1. stain
2. dirt

Declension

Declension of *skvьrna (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*skvьrna	*skvьrně	*skvьrny
genitive	*skvьrny	*skvьrnu	*skvьrnъ
dative	*skvьrně	*skvьrnama	*skvьrnamъ
accusative	*skvьrnǫ	*skvьrně	*skvьrny
instrumental	*skvьrnojǫ, *skvьrnǫ**	*skvьrnama	*skvьrnami
locative	*skvьrně	*skvьrnu	*skvьrnasъ, *skvьrnaxъ*
vocative	*skvьrno	*skvьrně	*skvьrny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *skverti (“to fry”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: скврьна (skvrĭna)

    Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰲⱃⱐⱀⰰ (skvrĭna)

    • → Old East Slavic: сквьрна (skvĭrna)
      • Russian: скве́рна (skvérna)
      • Ukrainian: скве́рна (skvérna)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: скрнав

    Latin script: skrnav

  • Slovene: skvȓna (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: skvrna
    • Czech: skvrna
  • Polish: skwarna (“undigested food in the stomach, hawk excrement”)
  • Slovak: škvrna
• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: scârnă

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “скверна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress