Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁 (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).

Verb

*rydati

1. to weep, to wail

Inflection

Conjugation of *rydati, *ryda, *rydajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*rydanьje	*rydati	*rydatъ	*rydalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*rydanъ	*rydajemъ
Active	*rydavъ	*rydaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rydaxъ	*ryda	*ryda	*rydajǫ	*rydaješi	*rydajetь
Dual	*rydaxově	*rydasta	*rydaste	*rydajevě	*rydajeta	*rydajete
Plural	*rydaxomъ	*rydaste	*rydašę	*rydajemъ	*rydajete	*rydajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*rydaaxъ	*rydaaše	*rydaaše	—	*rydaji	*rydaji
Dual	*rydaaxově	*rydaašeta	*rydaašete	*rydajivě	*rydajita	—
Plural	*rydaaxomъ	*rydaašete	*rydaaxǫ	*rydajimъ	*rydajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)
    • Belarusian: рыда́ць (rydácʹ)
    • Russian: рыда́ть (rydátʹ, “to sob”), 1sg. рыда́ю (rydáju)
    • Ukrainian: рида́ти (rydáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)
  • Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м

    Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)
    • Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)
  • Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “рыда́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 130
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рыда́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN