Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъďa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Morphologically *rъd- +‎ *-ja.

Noun

*rъďa f

1. rust

Inflection

Declension of *rъďa (soft a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rъďa	*rъďi	*rъďę̇
genitive	*rъďę̇	*rъďu	*rъďь
dative	*rъďi	*rъďama	*rъďamъ
accusative	*rъďǫ	*rъďi	*rъďę̇
instrumental	*rъďejǫ, *rъďǫ**	*rъďama	*rъďami
locative	*rъďi	*rъďu	*rъďasъ, *rъďaxъ*
vocative	*rъďe	*rъďi	*rъďę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *rъďavъ (“rusty”)
• *zarъďь (“rust”)

Related terms

• *rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
  • *ruda (“ore”)
• *rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)
• *ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
• *rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
• *rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)
• *rъďa (“rust”)
• *ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: ръжа (rŭža)
    • Belarusian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: ржа́ (ržá)
    • Russian: ржа (rža), аржа́ (aržá), иржа́ (iržá)
    • Ukrainian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: ръжда (rŭžda)

    Glagolitic: ⱃⱏⰶⰴⰰ (rŭžda)

  • Bulgarian: ръжда́ (rǎždá)
  • Macedonian: ‘рѓа (‘rǵa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: рђа, хрђа

    Latin: rđa, hrđa

  • Slovene: rjȁ, rǝjȁ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: rzě
    • Czech: rez
      • Bohemian (Chod dialect): rez
  • Polish: rdza
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: rdza, drdza
  • Old Slovak: hrdza, rdza, ridza, zerz, rez
    • Pannonian Rusyn: ардза (ardza)
    • Slovak: hrdza
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: zerz, zra
    • Lower Sorbian: rza

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ржа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “ръжа”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 203
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “ржавый”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa