Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/o(b)tokъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *ob- +‎ *tokъ (“current”).

Noun

*o(b)tòkъ m

1. reflux

   Synonyms: *otъlivъ, *otъtokъ

2. island, deposition of sediments within a stream

   Synonym: *ostrovъ

Alternative forms

• *o(b)toka f

Inflection

Declension of *o(b)tokъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*o(b)tokъ	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toci
genitive	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tokъ
dative	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tokoma	*o(b)tokomъ
accusative	*o(b)tokъ	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toky
instrumental	*o(b)tokъmь, *o(b)tokomь*	*o(b)tokoma	*o(b)toky
locative	*o(b)tocě	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tocěxъ
vocative	*o(b)toče	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *o(b)točьnъ (“draining”)

Related terms

• *jьztokъ, *vъztokъ (“origin of flowth, East”)
• *otъtokъ (“outflow, drainage”)
• *potokъ (“stream, brook”)
• *pritokъ (“influx, tributary”)
• *protokъ (“duct, channel”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: обтокъ (obtokŭ), отокъ (otokŭ) (XII-XIII cent.)
    • Belarusian: ато́ка f (atóka)
    • Russian: ото́к (otók) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: обтік (obtik), gen. обтоку (obtoku)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: отокъ (otokŭ, “island”)
  • Bulgarian: ото́к (otók); ото́ка f (otóka), обто́ка f (obtóka, “drainage, spout, furrow, liner”) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: оптока f (optoka, “liner”) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic script: о̀ток m (rare), о̀птока f (“liner; sediments”) (dialectal)

    Latin script: òtоk m (rare), òptoka f (“liner;, sediments”) (dialectal)

  • Slovene: ótok
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: otok m, otoka f
  • Slovak: obtok
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: wótok

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obtoka/*obtokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 187
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “ото̀к”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 967

Etymology 2

Resultant o-grade noun of *o(b)tekti (“to outflow; to sediment, to swell, to tumefy”) +‎ *-ъ. ESSJa treats it as equivalent to Etymology 1.

Noun

*otokъ m

1. Alternative form of *o(b)tekъ

Inflection

Declension of *o(b)tokъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*o(b)tokъ	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toci
genitive	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tokъ
dative	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tokoma	*o(b)tokomъ
accusative	*o(b)tokъ	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toky
instrumental	*o(b)tokъmь, *o(b)tokomь*	*o(b)tokoma	*o(b)toky
locative	*o(b)tocě	*o(b)toku	*o(b)tocěxъ
vocative	*o(b)toče	*o(b)toka	*o(b)toci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: отокъ (otokŭ) (perhaps from Old Church Slavonic)
    • Ukrainian: отік (otik, “pus”), gen. отоку (otoku)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: отокъ (otokŭ)
  • Bulgarian: о́ток (ótok)
  • Macedonian: оток (otok)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic script: о̏ток

    Latin script: ȍtok

  • Slovene: otȍk
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: otok

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obtoka/*obtokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 187
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “о̀ток”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 967
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “otȍk”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si