Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tokъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takas, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷos, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Equivalent to *teťi (“to flow, run”) +‎ *-ъ.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tãkas (“footpath, path”), Latvian taks (“footpath, path”)

Indo-European cognates include Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀 (taka, “course”)

Noun

*tȍkъ m

1. current, course, stream

Inflection

Declension of *tȍkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tȍkъ	*tȍka	*tȍci
genitive	*tȍka	*tokù	*tòkъ
dative	*tȍku	*tokomà	*tokòmъ
accusative	*tȍkъ	*tȍka	*tȍky
instrumental	*tȍkъmь, *tȍkomь*	*tokomà	*toký
locative	*tȍcě	*tokù	*tocě̃xъ
vocative	*toče	*tȍka	*tȍci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: токъ (tokŭ)
    • Belarusian: ток (tok)
    • Russian: ток (tok)
    • Ukrainian: тік (tik)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: токъ (tokŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⱅⱁⰽⱏ (tokŭ)

  • Bulgarian: ток (tok)
  • Macedonian: ток (tok)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: то̑к

    Latin script: tȏk

  • Slovene: tọ̑k (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: tok
    • Czech: tok
  • Old Polish: tok
    • Polish: tok
  • Slovak: tok
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: tok

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ток”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “течь”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 243
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “токъ”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 973