Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lopata
Appearance
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Formed as *lopъ (“leaf”) + *-ata. Cognate with Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”).
Noun
[edit]*lopàta f[1]
Declension
[edit]Declension of *lopàta (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *lopàta | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
genitive | *lopàty | *lopàtu | *lopàtъ |
dative | *lopàtě | *lopàtama | *lopàtamъ |
accusative | *lopàtǫ | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
instrumental | *lopàtojǫ, *lopàtǭ** | *lopàtama | *lopàtamī |
locative | *lopàtě | *lopàtu | *lopàtasъ, *lopàtaxъ* |
vocative | *lopàto | *lopàtě | *lopàty |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Albanian: lopatë
- → Aromanian: lupatã
- → Hungarian: lapát
- → Romanian: lopată
- → Early Proto-Slavic or Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapātā > Early Proto-Finnic: *lapita → Proto-Finnic: *lapida, *lapido
Further reading
[edit]- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1990), “*lopata”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 16 (*lokadlo – *lъživьcь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 39
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “лопата”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “lopeta”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*lopàta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285: “f. ā ‘spade, shovel’”