Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lajati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From earlier *lati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂-. Indo-European cognates include Latin lātrō (“to bark”), and possibly Sanskrit रायटी (rā́yati, “to bark”).

Verb

*làjati impf

1. to bark
2. to scold

Inflection

Conjugation of *lajati, *laja, *lajetь (impf., -ja/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*lajanьje	*lajati	*lajatъ	*lajalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*lajanъ	*lajemъ
Active	*lajavъ	*laję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lajaxъ	*laja	*laja	*lajǫ	*laješi	*lajetь
Dual	*lajaxově	*lajasta	*lajaste	*lajevě	*lajeta	*lajete
Plural	*lajaxomъ	*lajaste	*lajašę	*lajemъ	*lajete	*lajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lajaaxъ	*lajaaše	*lajaaše	—	*laji	*laji
Dual	*lajaaxově	*lajaašeta	*lajaašete	*lajivě	*lajita	—
Plural	*lajaaxomъ	*lajaašete	*lajaaxǫ	*lajimъ	*lajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лаꙗти (lajati)
    • Belarusian: ла́яць (lájacʹ)
    • Russian: ла́ять (lájatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: ла́яти (lájaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: лаꙗти (lajati)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: ла́я (lája)
  • Macedonian: лае (lae)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ла̏јати

    Latin script: lȁjati

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): lȁjati
    • Chakavian (Orbanići): lȁjati
  • Slovene: lȃjati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: láti
    • Czech: lát
  • Old Polish: łajać
    • Polish: łajać
  • Slovak: láť
  • Slovincian: lajac
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: łajaś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ла́ять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*lajati I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 14 (*labati – *lěteplъjь), Moscow: Nauka, page 20

Etymology 2

• Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂-. Cognates include Latin latēre (“to lie hidden”) and Ancient Greek λήθω (lḗthō, “to lie hidden”).
• Trubačev: Variant of *lakati.

Verb

*lajati impf

1. to ambush

Inflection

Conjugation of *lajati, *laja, *lajetь (impf., -ja/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*lajanьje	*lajati	*lajatъ	*lajalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*lajanъ	*lajemъ
Active	*lajavъ	*laję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lajaxъ	*laja	*laja	*lajǫ	*laješi	*lajetь
Dual	*lajaxově	*lajasta	*lajaste	*lajevě	*lajeta	*lajete
Plural	*lajaxomъ	*lajaste	*lajašę	*lajemъ	*lajete	*lajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*lajaaxъ	*lajaaše	*lajaaše	—	*laji	*laji
Dual	*lajaaxově	*lajaašeta	*lajaašete	*lajivě	*lajita	—
Plural	*lajaaxomъ	*lajaašete	*lajaaxǫ	*lajimъ	*lajite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лаꙗти (lajati)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: лаꙗти (lajati)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*lajati II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 14 (*labati – *lěteplъjь), Moscow: Nauka, page 21