Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kupa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂wp-eh₂, from *keh₂wp-. Cognate with Lithuanian káupa (“heap”), Latvian kuõpa (“stack”).

Noun

*kupa f

heap, pile

Declension

Declension of *kupa (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kupa	*kupě	*kupy
genitive	*kupy	*kupu	*kupъ
dative	*kupě	*kupama	*kupamъ
accusative	*kupǫ	*kupě	*kupy
instrumental	kupojǫ, kupǫ^**	*kupama	*kupami
locative	*kupě	*kupu	kupasъ, kupaxъ^*
vocative	*kupo	*kupě	*kupy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*kupъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ку́па (kúpa)
  - Old Ruthenian: ку́па (kúpa)
    - Belarusian: ку́па (kúpa)
    - Ukrainian: ку́па (kúpa)
  - Russian: ку́па (kúpa) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Russian Church Slavonic: коупа (kupa)
- Bulgarian: купа́ (kupá); ку́па (kúpa), купъ́ (kupǎ́) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: купа (kupa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ку̏па
  
  Latin script: kȕpa
West Slavic:
- Czech: kupa
- Polish: kupa
- Slovak: kupa (dialectal)
- Slovincian: kùpa
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kupa (“island”)
  - Upper Sorbian: kupa (“island”)

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kupa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 107
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “купа”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 455
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “купа”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 3
Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1989), “ку́па”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 5 (ка́яць – ліпя́нка), Minsk: Navuka i technika
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ку́па”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress