Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kormola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to Old High German karmala (“revolt”) (whence also Vulgar Latin carmula (“id.”)):

• Miklošič, Berneker, Mladenov (deemed more likely by Vasmer): The Slavic term borrowed from Old High German (Old Bavarian) and spread via West Slavic to other Slavic dialects.
• Brandt: Of native origin, perhaps from *korъ (“reproach”) +‎ *-m- + *-ola. The Bavarian term borrowed from Slavic.

Noun

*kormola f

1. turmoil, brawl, scuffle, heated argument

   Synonyms: *karanica, *svarъ, *sъporъ

Declension

Declension of *kormola (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kormola	*kormolě	*kormoly
genitive	*kormoly	*kormolu	*kormolъ
dative	*kormolě	*kormolama	*kormolamъ
accusative	*kormolǫ	*kormolě	*kormoly
instrumental	*kormolojǫ, *kormolǫ**	*kormolama	*kormolami
locative	*kormolě	*kormolu	*kormolasъ, *kormolaxъ*
vocative	*kormolo	*kormolě	*kormoly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *kormoliti, *kormoľati (“to brawl, to skirmish”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: коромола (koromola)
    • Belarusian: коромо́ла (koromóla)
    • Ukrainian: коромо́ли pl (koromóly)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: крамола (kramola)
    • → Bulgarian: крамола́ (kramolá)
    • → Russian: крамо́ла (kramóla)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, nowadays found as a personal name)

    Cyrillic script: крамола

    Latin script: kramola

  • Old Slovene: kramóla
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kramola
    • Czech: kramol m
  • ⇒ Slovak: grámor

• Toponyms:
  • ⇒ Polish: Kromołów
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: Kromoła

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kormola”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 89
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “крамола”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “коромоли”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крамола”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 714
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “kramljáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz bav. stvnem. karmula ‛upor, vstaja’”