Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kava

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w- (“to cry out, to call, to howl”). By surface analysis, **kavъ (“sound of jackdaw”) +‎ *-a. Generally displaced by *kàvъka, a diminutive form.

Noun

*kàva f (diminutive *kàvъka)

1. jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)

   Synonyms: *kàvъka, *čàvъka

Declension

Declension of *kàva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kàva	*kàvě	*kàvy
genitive	*kàvy	*kàvu	*kàvъ
dative	*kàvě	*kàvama	*kàvamъ
accusative	*kàvǫ	*kàvě	*kàvy
instrumental	*kàvojǫ, *kàvǭ**	*kàvama	*kàvamī
locative	*kàvě	*kàvu	*kàvasъ, *kàvaxъ*
vocative	*kàvo	*kàvě	*kàvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: кава (kava)
    • Ukrainian: ка́ва (káva) (dialectal), Кава (Kava)
• South Slavic:
  • ⇒? Serbo-Croatian: (“to weaken, wither; to suffer”) (dialectal)

    Cyrillic script: ка̏вити

    Latin script: kȁviti

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: Kava
  • Old Polish: *kawa, Kawa, ⇒ kawi (adjective)
    • Polish: kawa (obsolete, dialectal), Kawa, ⇒ kawić (obsolete)
      • → English: Kava

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kava”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 165