Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kavъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kàva +‎ *-ъka.

Noun

*kàvъka f

1. (originally) diminutive of *kàva (“jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)”)
2. jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)

   Synonyms: *kàva, (South Slavic) *čàvъka

Inflection

Declension of *kàvъka (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kàvъka	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky
genitive	*kàvъky	*kàvъku	*kàvъkъ
dative	*kàvъcě	*kàvъkama	*kàvъkamъ
accusative	*kàvъkǫ	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky
instrumental	*kàvъkojǫ, *kàvъkǭ**	*kàvъkama	*kàvъkamī
locative	*kàvъcě	*kàvъku	*kàvъkasъ, *kàvъkaxъ*
vocative	*kàvъko	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

verbs

• *kavъkati

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • >? Old East Slavic: кавка (kavka, “concubine”)
  • Old Ruthenian: ка́вка (kávka)
    • Belarusian: ка́ўка (káŭka)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: ка́вка (kávka)
    • Ukrainian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
  • Russian: ка́вка (kávka) (dated, dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (dated, dialectla)

    Cyrillic script: ка̑вка

    Latin script: kȃvka

  • Slovene: kȃvka (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kavka
    • Czech: kavka
  • Old Polish: kawka
    • Polish: kawka
      • → German: Kawke (dialectal)
  • Old Slovak: kavka
    • Slovak: kavka
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: kôwka
    • Slovincian: kawka
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kawka
    • Upper Sorbian: kawka

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: ceucă

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́ва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “kawka”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 225
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “KAWA 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 646
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “Ка́ўка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Jiří Rejzek (2007) “kavka”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 278

• Václav Machek (1968) “kavka”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 246
• Králik, Ľubor (2016) “kavka”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 262