Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъ(n)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kom or *ku, *kʷom. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (kw/ku, “to”), Sanskrit कम् (kám, postposition, after datives), Avestan 𐬐𐬄𐬨 (kąm, “for the sake of”). Also compare Old Latin quom (“with”), Latin cum, com-, con-, co-, cum-, Oscan com-, kúm, com-, co-, ku-, Old Irish co-, com- (“with”), Gaulish com-, co-. But usually they are derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. Following Pokorny, Matasović compares Proto-Celtic *kʷo (“to”), whence Old Irish co and Welsh py, pwy (“to”), and reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷo (“to”).

Preposition

*kъ(n)

1. (with dative) to, towards

   Synonym: *do

   Antonym: *otъ

Usage notes

Because of the law of open syllables, the final -n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that (originally?) began with a vowel, it was attached to the following word.

See also

• *sъ(n), *sъ(n)-, *sǫ-
• *ko-, *kъ-

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: къ (kŭ), ко (ko), кꙋ (ku)
    • Belarusian: к (k)
    • Russian: к (k), ко (ko)
    • Old Ukrainian: ик (ik), икъ (ik), ико (iko), икь (ikʹ), ко (ko), коу (ku), къ (k), кь (kʹ), кы (ky), кг (g)
      • Ukrainian: к (k), ік (ik), ґ (g), іґ (ig)
  • Old Novgorodian: ко (ko)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: къ (kŭ)
  • Bulgarian: към (kǎm)
  • Macedonian: кон (kon)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: к, ка

    Latin script: k, ka

  • Slovene: k, h
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: k
    • Czech: k, ke, ku
  • Kashubian: kù
  • Old Polish: ku, k
    • Polish: ku, k (Middle Polish), pu (Kuyavia)
    • Silesian: ku
  • Old Slovak: k, ku
    • Pannonian Rusyn: ґу (gu)
    • Slovak: k, ku
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: k
    • Lower Sorbian: k

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “к”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “к, ко”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 362
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъ(n)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 170
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “к”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa
• В. В. Мартынов (1981) “Балто-славяно-иранские языковые отношения и глоттогенез славян. do – pri – kъ "к".”, in Балто-славянские исследования. 1980., Moscow: Nauka, page 22