Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫdělь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Picture dictionary

Proto-Slavic/kǫdělь

*kǫdělь

*kǫželь

*verteno

*prędenьje *sъ *pręslomь

Etymology

Perhaps from *kǫd- +‎ *-ělь, whence also Proto-Slavic *kǫdrь (“curl”), possibly dial. Bulgarian ко́нда (kónda, “cord, tow”). Per Snoj, probably further from Proto-Indo-European *ken(h₁)- (“to pluck, to wrench”) + dental extension. Oštir alternatively makes connection to the root of Proto-Slavic *konopľa (“hemp, cannabis”) (also favoured by Sławski), probably based on the secondary meaning of some descendants (e.g. dial. Russian кудель (kudelʹ, “flax”), Serbo-Croatian кудеља (“hemp”)) which more broadly refer to raw materials used for yarn production.

Inversely, Trubačev analyzes the lemma as prefixed *kǫ- +‎ *delь (“strand, thread”) (the later attested as Russian дель (delʹ)). Regarded with reservation by Snoj.

Noun

*kǫdě̀lь f

1. spun thread, sliver (fibres prepared for spinning)

   Synonym: *prędь

2. (by generalization) bundle, tow

Alternative forms

• *kǫdelь
  • ⇒ *kǫdeľa (jā-stem)

Inflection

Declension of *kǫdělь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kǫdělь	*kǫděli	*kǫděli
genitive	*kǫděli	*kǫdělьju, *kǫděľu*	*kǫdělьjь, *kǫděli*
dative	*kǫděli	*kǫdělьma	*kǫdělьmъ
accusative	*kǫdělь	*kǫděli	*kǫděli
instrumental	*kǫdělьjǫ, *kǫděľǫ*	*kǫdělьma	*kǫdělьmi
locative	*kǫděli	*kǫdělьju, *kǫděľu*	*kǫdělьxъ
vocative	*kǫděli	*kǫděli	*kǫděli

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *kǫdělica, *kǫdělьka (diminutive)
• *kǫdělišče (augmenative, abstract)
• *kǫdělьnъ (“coiled”)
  • *kǫdělina (“bundle”)
  • *kǫdělьnikъ (“bundling tool”)

Related terms

• *kǫdrь (“curl”)
• *kǫdьlo (“tuft”)
• *kǫdъ (“bite”) (possibly)
  • ⇒ Polish: kądek (“piece, bit”)
• *konopь (“hemp”)

See also

• *pręslo (“distaff, spindler”), *kǫželь (“spinning rock”)
• *verteno, *prędeno (“spindle”)

Descendants

From primary i-stem *kǫdělь, *kǫdelь:

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)
    • Russian: куде́ль (kudélʹ)
    • Ukrainian: куде́ль (kudélʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: koudel
  • Polish: kądziel
  • Slovak: kúdeľ
  • Sorbian:

    Upper Sorbian: kudźel

    Lower Sorbian: kuźеľ

Reanalyzed as jā-stem *kǫdeľa:

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кудзе́ля (kudzjélja)
  • Russian: куде́ля (kudélja)
  • Ukrainian: куде́ля (kudélja)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: къде́ля (kǎdélja); кънде́ля (kǎndélja), куде́ля (kudélja) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: кадела (kadela)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ку̀деља

    Latin script: kùdjelja

  • Slovene: kodẹ̑lja
• West Slavic:
  • Polabian: kǫdéľа
  • Slovak: kúdeľa (dialectal)

• Non-Slavic descendants (via East Slavic):
  • Baltic:
    • → Latvian: kuodel̨š (“tuft”)
    • → Lithuanian: kuodẽlis (“lap, tuft”)
  • Finnic:
    • → Finnish: kuontalo (“hair (on the head)”)
    • → Estonian: kооnаl
    • → Eastern Mari: кӱнчыла (künčyla)
      • → Chuvash: кӗнчеле (kĕnč̬ele)

References

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫdělь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 48
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кудель”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “куделя”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 123
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “къделя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 181
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “конда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 584
• “kuodelis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012