Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/granica

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*granica

Etymology

*grana, *granь (“branch; border”) +‎ *-ica.

Noun

*granìca f

1. border, boundary, limit, a line that separates things or areas
2. pedunculate oak (Quercus robur)

   Hypernym: *dǫ̑bъ

3. sharp branch, sharp tip or twig of a plant, apex

Inflection

Declension of *granìca (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*granìca	*granìci	*granìcę̇
genitive	*granìcę̇	*granìcu	*granìcь
dative	*granìcī	*granìcama	*granìcāmъ
accusative	*granìcǫ	*granìci	*granìcę̇
instrumental	*granìcējǫ, *granìcǭ*	*granìcama	*granìcāmī
locative	*granìcī	*granìcu	*granìcāsъ
vocative	*granìce	*granìci	*granìcę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: граница (granica)
    • Belarusian: грані́ца (hraníca)
    • Russian: грани́ца (graníca)
    • Ukrainian: грани́ця (hranýcja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: граница (granica)
  • Bulgarian: гра́ница (gránica)
  • Macedonian: граница (granica)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гра̀ница

    Latin script: grànica

  • Slovene: grȃnica (tonal orthography) (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hranicě
    • Czech: hranice
  • Old Polish: granica, grańca
    • Polish: granica
    • Silesian: granica
    • → Middle High German: grenize, graniza (and/or from Sorbian)
      • German: Grenze, Gränze
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: grense
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: grense
      • Yiddish: גרענעץ (grenets)
    • → Middle Low German: grense, grenitse (and/or from Polabian)
      • → Dutch: grens
        • Afrikaans: grens
      • → Danish: grænse
      • → Swedish: gräns
    • → Latin: granicia
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: grańca
  • Slovak: hranica
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: granica
    • Upper Sorbian: hranica

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Albanian: granë
  • → Hungarian: gránic
  • → Romanian: graniță

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “граница”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/granica”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 244
• van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “grens”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*granica”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 106
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “440”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440