Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grajati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-, *grāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”) (1sg. gróju; also grióti, 1sg. grióju), Old High German krāen (“to crow”).

Verb

*grajati impf^[1]

to caw, to croak

Inflection

Conjugation of *grajati, *graja, *grajetь (impf., intr., -ja/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*grajanьje	*grajati	*grajatъ	*grajalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*grajavъ	*graję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grajaxъ	*graja	*graja	*grajǫ	*graješi	*grajetь
Dual	*grajaxově	*grajasta	*grajaste	*grajevě	*grajeta	*grajete
Plural	*grajaxomъ	*grajaste	*grajašę	*grajemъ	*grajete	*grajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grajaaxъ	*grajaaše	*grajaaše	—	*graji	*graji
Dual	*grajaaxově	*grajaašeta	*grajaašete	*grajivě	*grajita	—
Plural	*grajaaxomъ	*grajaašete	*grajaaxǫ	*grajimъ	*grajite	—

Related terms

*grakati (“to caw, to croak”)
*gъrkati (“to coo”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)
  - Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: гра̏јати, гра́јати
  
  Latin: grȁjati, grájati
  - ⇒ Romanian: grăi
- Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Polish: grać

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grajati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. ‘caw, croak’”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grajati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. ‘caw, croak’”

[1]