Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grakati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), English croak. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

*gràkati

1. to caw, croak

Conjugation

Conjugation of *grakati, *graka, *grakajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*grakanьje	*grakati	*grakatъ	*grakalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*grakanъ	*grakajemъ
Active	*grakavъ	*grakaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grakaxъ	*graka	*graka	*grakajǫ	*grakaješi	*grakajetь
Dual	*grakaxově	*grakasta	*grakaste	*grakajevě	*grakajeta	*grakajete
Plural	*grakaxomъ	*grakaste	*grakašę	*grakajemъ	*grakajete	*grakajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grakaaxъ	*grakaaše	*grakaaše	—	*grakaji	*grakaji
Dual	*grakaaxově	*grakaašeta	*grakaašete	*grakajivě	*grakajita	—
Plural	*grakaaxomъ	*grakaašete	*grakaaxǫ	*grakajimъ	*grakajite	—

Alternative forms

• kràkati

Derived terms

• *grakъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: гракати (grakati)
    • Russian: гра́кать (grákatʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:
    • Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гракати (grakati)
  • Bulgarian: гра́кам (grákam)
  • Macedonian: грака (graka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гра́кати

    Latin script: grákati

  • Slovene: grȃkati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: grakać (dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: grakaś

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grakati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гра́кать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress