Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъrkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

• ЭССЯ: Onomatopoeic.
• Derksen: cognate with Latin graculus (“daw, jackdaw”).
• Vasmer: onomatopoeia like in Sanskrit घुर्घुर (ghurghura, “growling”).

Verb

*gъrkati impf

1. to coo

Conjugation

Conjugation of *gъrkati, *gъrka, *gъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gъrkanьje	*gъrkati	*gъrkatъ	*gъrkalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gъrkanъ	*gъrkajemъ
Active	*gъrkavъ	*gъrkaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъrkaxъ	*gъrka	*gъrka	*gъrkajǫ	*gъrkaješi	*gъrkajetь
Dual	*gъrkaxově	*gъrkasta	*gъrkaste	*gъrkajevě	*gъrkajeta	*gъrkajete
Plural	*gъrkaxomъ	*gъrkaste	*gъrkašę	*gъrkajemъ	*gъrkajete	*gъrkajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gъrkaaxъ	*gъrkaaše	*gъrkaaše	—	*gъrkaji	*gъrkaji
Dual	*gъrkaaxově	*gъrkaašeta	*gъrkaašete	*gъrkajivě	*gъrkajita	—
Plural	*gъrkaaxomъ	*gъrkaašete	*gъrkaaxǫ	*gъrkajimъ	*gъrkajite	—

See also

• *grakati (“to caw, croak”)
• *grajati (“to caw, croak”)
• *gъrgati
• *gъrgotati

Descendants

• Church Slavonic: гъркати (gŭrkati) (Russian)

• East Slavic: гъркати (gŭrkati)
  • Belarusian: гы́ркаць (hýrkacʹ), dial. гарка́ць (harkácʹ)
  • Russian: горкота́ть (gorkotátʹ), dial. го́ркать (górkatʹ), га́ркать (gárkatʹ), гу́ркать (gúrkatʹ)
  • Ukrainian: га́ркати (hárkaty), гу́ркати (húrkaty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: гръ́камъ (grǎ́kam)
  • Macedonian: грака (graka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гркати, грцати

    Latin: grkati, grcati

  • Slovene: grkati
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hrkat, hrcat, dial. gŕacať, grcat
  • Slovak: hrkať, dial. grcať, grcaťi

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “горкотать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъrkati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 209