Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grǫbъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gru(m)b-, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to wind, turn”).[1] or from *gʰru-m-bʰ-o-, related to *gʰrewbʰ-.[2] Cognate with Lithuanian grubùs, German grob, Low German groff (whence Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grov), Dutch grof, and English gruff.
Adjective
[edit]Inflection
[edit]Indefinite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *grǫbъ | *grǫba | *grǫbo |
| genitive | *grǫba | *grǫby | *grǫba |
| dative | *grǫbu | *grǫbě | *grǫbu |
| accusative | *grǫbъ | *grǫbǫ | *grǫbo |
| instrumental | *grǫbomь | *grǫbojǫ | *grǫbomь |
| locative | *grǫbě | *grǫbě | *grǫbě |
| vocative | *grǫbe | *grǫbo | *grǫbo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grǫba | *grǫbě | *grǫbě |
| genitive | *grǫbu | *grǫbu | *grǫbu |
| dative | *grǫboma | *grǫbama | *grǫboma |
| accusative | *grǫba | *grǫbě | *grǫbě |
| instrumental | *grǫboma | *grǫbama | *grǫboma |
| locative | *grǫbu | *grǫbu | *grǫbu |
| vocative | *grǫba | *grǫbě | *grǫbě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grǫbi | *grǫby | *grǫba |
| genitive | *grǫbъ | *grǫbъ | *grǫbъ |
| dative | *grǫbomъ | *grǫbamъ | *grǫbomъ |
| accusative | *grǫby | *grǫby | *grǫba |
| instrumental | *grǫby | *grǫbami | *grǫby |
| locative | *grǫběxъ | *grǫbaxъ | *grǫběxъ |
| vocative | *grǫbi | *grǫby | *grǫba |
Definite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *grǫbъjь | *grǫbaja | *grǫboje |
| genitive | *grǫbajego | *grǫbyję̇ | *grǫbajego |
| dative | *grǫbujemu | *grǫběji | *grǫbujemu |
| accusative | *grǫbъjь | *grǫbǫjǫ | *grǫboje |
| instrumental | *grǫbyjimь | *grǫbǫjǫ | *grǫbyjimь |
| locative | *grǫbějemь | *grǫběji | *grǫbějemь |
| vocative | *grǫbъjь | *grǫbaja | *grǫboje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grǫbaja | *grǫběji | *grǫběji |
| genitive | *grǫbuju | *grǫbuju | *grǫbuju |
| dative | *grǫbyjima | *grǫbyjima | *grǫbyjima |
| accusative | *grǫbaja | *grǫběji | *grǫběji |
| instrumental | *grǫbyjima | *grǫbyjima | *grǫbyjima |
| locative | *grǫbuju | *grǫbuju | *grǫbuju |
| vocative | *grǫbaja | *grǫběji | *grǫběji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *grǫbiji | *grǫbyję̇ | *grǫbaja |
| genitive | *grǫbъjixъ | *grǫbъjixъ | *grǫbъjixъ |
| dative | *grǫbyjimъ | *grǫbyjimъ | *grǫbyjimъ |
| accusative | *grǫbyję̇ | *grǫbyję̇ | *grǫbaja |
| instrumental | *grǫbyjimi | *grǫbyjimi | *grǫbyjimi |
| locative | *grǫbyjixъ | *grǫbyjixъ | *grǫbyjixъ |
| vocative | *grǫbiji | *grǫbyję̇ | *grǫbaja |
Descendants
[edit]- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: груб (grub)
- Macedonian: груб (grub)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: grọ̑b (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
[edit]- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “385-390”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 385-390
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “gruba”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grǫbъ; *grubъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192: “adj. o ‘coarse, rude’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “grǫbъ grǫba grǫbo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 21); c (PR 138) grov”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grǫbъ(jь)/*grubъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 145