Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gleznъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain.

• Both Derksen and Trubachyov point a relation with Old Norse klakkr (“bump, hillock”), Norwegian klakk, dial. Swedish klakk (“heel (shoe); knoll in the field”), Middle High German klac (“a bang, crack, split”) (from pre-Germanic *gloǵno-), which would make the lemma a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *gleǵn- (see Proto-Slavic *glazъ (“ball, eye”) for further etymology). This etymology however demands that Winter's law was not applied in most of the descending forms.
• Georgiev draws comparison with Sanskrit ग्लह m (glaha, “gaming, dice”).
• Matasović instead compares these Slavic terms with Latin flectō (“to bend”), reconstructing a root Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰleǵʰ- to serve as their ancestor.

Noun

*gleznъ m

1. ankle

Alternative forms

• *glěznь m
• *glezna f
• *glezno n

Declension

Declension of *gleznъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gleznъ	*glezna	*glezni
genitive	*glezna	*gleznu	*gleznъ
dative	*gleznu	*gleznoma	*gleznomъ
accusative	*gleznъ	*glezna	*glezny
instrumental	*gleznъmь, *gleznomь*	*gleznoma	*glezny
locative	*glezně	*gleznu	*glezněxъ
vocative	*glezne	*glezna	*glezni

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

From *gleznъ m, *glěznь m:

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: глѣзнъ (glěznŭ, “ankle, heel”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: глезьн҄ь (glezĭnʹĭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⱐ (glezĭnĭ)

    • Bulgarian: гле́зен (glézen), гле́зьнь (glézʹnʹ); гле́жен’ (gléžen’) (dialectal)
    • Russian Church Slavonic: глезнъ (gleznŭ, “ankle, heel”); Глезнъ (Gleznŭ, “given name”)
  • Macedonian: глезен (glezen), глужд (glužd)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гле̏жањ, гле̑жањ, гле̏зан, глијѐжан́ (“ankle; shinbone”)

    Latin script: glȅžanj, glȇžanj, glȅzan, glijèžań (“ankle; shinbone”)

  • Slovene: gléženj, gléžen (“ankle; wrist”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hlezen
    • Czech: hlezen (archaic)
      • →? Ukrainian: гле́зень (hlézenʹ) (dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • ⇒ Lower Sorbian: glozonk, glozonka

From *glezna f:

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: глѣзна (glězna, “ankle, heel”)
    • >? Old Ruthenian: гле́зна (hlézna) (15th-17th cent.)
      • Ukrainian: гле́зна (hlézna) (dialectal)
    • >? Russian: глёзна (gljózna, “shin, ankle”)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: глезьна (glezĭna)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⰰ (glezĭna)

    • Bulgarian: глезна́ (glezná) (obsolete)
      • → Romanian: gleznă
        • → Bulgarian: гле́зна (glézna)
    • Russian Church Slavonic: глезна (glezna, “ankle, heel”); Глезна (Glezna) (former Volhynian village, toponym)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гле̏жања (“joint; ankle”)

    Latin script: glȅžnja (“joint; ankle”)

• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hlezna
    • Czech: hlezna (archaic)
  • Old Polish: glozn
    • Polish: glozna (regional)

From *glezno n:

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: глѣзно (glězno, “ankle, heel”)
    • >? Old Ruthenian: гле́зно (hlézno) (17th cent.)
      • Ukrainian: гле́зно (hlézno) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: глезьно (glezĭno)

    Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰵⰸⱐⱀⱁ (glezĭno)

    • Russian Church Slavonic: глезно (glezno, “ankle, heel”)
  • Macedonian: глезно (glezno) (folklore)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гле̏жно, гље̏жно, гље̏зно, глезно (“ankle; shinbone”); γлиезно̏ (dialectal)

    Latin script: glȅžno, gljȅžno, gljȅzno, glezno (“ankle; shinbone”); γlieznȍ (dialectal)

    • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: gleznȍ, glježno, gljezno
  • Slovene: gléžno (“ankle; wrist”)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: hlezno
    • Czech: hlezno (archaic)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*glezna / *glezno / *gleznъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 118
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “глезен, мн. глезени”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 248
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “глаз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress